This Norse story of the origin of the earth, sky, and humanity is paraphrased from Snorri Sturluson's Edda, as translated by Anthony Faulkes. Sturluson lived in Iceland from 1179 to 1241, and he apparently composed the Edda as a compilation of traditional stories and verse. Many of verses he included appear to date from the times when Norse sagas were conveyed only in spoken form by Viking bards.
這個北歐故事是一個關於天、地、人起源的故事，它是由Anthony Faulkes在翻譯史洛里·斯圖拉松的冰島史詩《埃達》時改述而來的。從1179年到1241年，斯圖拉松都住在冰島上，顯然，《埃達》是他彙集了傳統故事與詩歌而成的。其中包含的許多詩歌都可以追溯至北歐薩加的時代，當時這些詩歌僅能靠維京吟遊詩人以口頭形式傳唱下來。
DH Freelance 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(316)
This story is really two stories that come from the Native American peoples of Wisconsin. The first story is a Potawatomi story of the origin of humans, and the second concerns the Potawatomi, Ojibwe, and Ottawa peoples.
這個故事實際上是兩個來自威斯康辛州的美洲原住民的故事。第一個是波達華土密族有關人類起源的故事，第二個故事則與波達華土密、歐及布威和渥太華這三個族群的人有關。
DH Freelance 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(6)
This, the second of our two Hebrew creation stories, is from Genesis 1:1 to 2:3. It thus appears first in the Hebrew Bible's Book of Genesis, but it is actually the younger of the two stories presented there. A considerable body of scholarship over the last two or three centuries has concluded that this story was written in about the sixth century B.C.. That was after Israel was conquered by the Assyrians in 722 B.C. and at a time when the Hebrews were faced with exile in Babylon.
這第二個希伯來創世故事，來自創世紀1：1到2：3。從這點而言，它看似是第一個出現在希伯來聖經創世紀中的故事，但是事實上，在這兩個故事中，它卻是比較晚出現的。在過去的兩個或三個世紀裡，相當多的學者們得出的結論是，這個故事寫於西元前六世紀。那是在以色列人被亞述人於西元前722年征服之後而成的故事，當時也是希伯來人在巴比倫流亡的時期。
DH Freelance 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(83)
A note on the next two stories:
以下兩個故事的小註解：
DH Freelance 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(78)
This story comes from the Mossi people. Before the colonization of Africa, the Mossi lived in the Mogho kingdom, which today would be in Upper Volta. The story was first written down by Frederic Guirma, who learned it from his Mossi ancestors.
這個故事來自莫西族人。在非洲被殖民統治之前，莫西族居住在莫高王國，現今大概在上伏塔[1]。這個故事最初由Frederic Guirma寫下來，這個故事是他從他的莫西族祖先那裡知道的。
DH Freelance 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(1)
This story comes from the Menominee or Menomoni people of northern Wisconsin. The Menominee derived much of their food from the sturgeon that came into the Menominee River and Wolf River each year to spawn. When forced to accept life on a reservation by the U.S. government, the tribe chose a reservation on the Wolf River so that they could continue their way of life. However, in 1892 a dam was built downstream, and the sturgeon have since been barred from coming upstream. A Sturgeon Ceremony is still held each year, but only with sturgeon hauled from downriver.
這個故事來自於威斯康辛州北部的梅諾米尼或梅諾莫尼人。梅諾米尼人大部分的食物來源為每年進入梅諾米尼河和狼河產卵的鱘魚。當他們被美國政府強制劃分為保留區時，為了能夠繼續他們以往的生活方式，該部落將保留區選在狼河上。但是在1892年時，下游建了一座大壩，至此，鱘魚無法再回到上游。每年在這裡仍會舉行鱘魚儀式，但是用的都是從下游運上來的鱘魚。
DH Freelance 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(9)
This is a synthesis of several stories from the Cherokee, who were the native people of northern Georgia and Alabama, western North Carolina, central and eastern Tennessee, and Kentucky. The stories were told to James Mooney of the Bureau of American Ethnology in the late 1800's by older Cherokee men in western North Carolina. The principal story teller was Ayúnini ("Swimmer"), who was born in 1835 and never spoke English, although he served as sergeant in the Confederate infantry in the Civil War. He died in 1899.
這是一個取自切羅基族幾個故事中的綜合版，切羅基族是喬治亞州和阿拉巴馬州北部、北卡羅萊納州西部、田納西州中部和東部以及肯塔基州的原住民。這個故事是在19世紀後期，由北卡羅萊納州西部的切羅基族老人告訴美國民族學局的詹姆斯穆尼。主要的故事敘述者是Ayúnini（指「游泳健將」），儘管他在美國內戰中擔任南方邦聯步兵團的中士，但他從未說過英語。他出生於1835年並於1899年去世。
DH Freelance 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(7)
This Maori story explaining the orgin of nature and humanity was compiled by Sir George Grey in the 1840's and 1850's when he was British governor of New Zealand. Faced with the need to communicate with Maori tribes then in rebellion against British rule, Grey compiled the tales to which many chiefs aluded in their negotiations with him. Grey's compilation was published in Maori in 1854 and in English in 1855.
這個毛利故事是關於自然與人類的起源，它是由喬治·格雷爵士於1840年代和1850年代在紐西蘭擔任英國總督時所編製而成。在他需要與當時反抗英國統治的毛利部落進行溝通時，格雷將許多酋長在與他談判時所提及的故事彙集而成並於1854年以毛利語出版，1855年以英語出版。
DH Freelance 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(34)
This story is from the Kojiki, the Japanese "Record of Ancient Things". The Kojiki was compiled in the 500s to 700s A.D., at the direction of various emperors intent on standardizing and preserving Japan's mythic history. The Kojiki does not tell the story of the origin of the world and its peoples per se, but it is the story of the origin of Japan and of Japan's aristocratic families.
這個故事來自於《古事記》，它是日本「古代事物的記錄」。《古事記》是西元六世紀到八世紀間，在各個天皇的指示之下所編制而成的，它的目的是為了規範和保存日本的神話歷史。《古事記》本身並沒有講述世界和人類的起源，而是講述日本和日本皇室家族的起源。
DH Freelance 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(15)
This creation story comes from the Yoruba people of Nigeria, Togo and Benin. In the religion of the Yoruba, the supreme being is Olorun, and assisting Olorun are a number of heavenly entities called orishas. This story was written down by David A. Anderson/ Sankofa, who learned it from his father, who learned it from his mother, and so on back through the Yoruba people and through time.
這個創世故事來自於奈及利亞、多哥和貝南的約魯巴人。在約魯巴的宗教中，最高的存在是奧羅倫，而幫助奧羅倫的是一群被稱為奧里沙的神聖實體。這個故事是由David A. Anderson /桑科法從他父親那裡知道後寫下來的，他父親則是從自己的母親那裡知道的，以此類推，追溯到約魯巴人的過去和追溯到時間。
DH Freelance 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣(3)
科技 (2)