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The Berry That Keeps Asia Looking Young[1]

枸杞:亞洲人不老的秘密

The Berry That Keeps Asia Looking Young-1[1]

枸杞:亞洲人不老的秘密(上)

The goji berry, which has been part of Chinese culture since the 3rd Century, is now being viewed as one of the hottest superfoods available today.

自三世紀起即被寫入中華文化的枸杞，被視為當今最熱門的超級食品之一。

By Claire Turrell

Covid-19: How long does the coronavirus last on surfaces?[1]

新冠病毒(COVID-19)能在物體表面上存留多久？

We can pick up the Covid-19 by touching surfaces contaminated with the new coronavirus, but it is only just becoming clear how long the virus can survive outside the human body.

接觸到沾有新冠病毒的物體表面可能會染上武漢肺炎(Covid-19)，不過也漸漸有研究顯示這種病毒可以在人體外存活多長的時間。

By Richard Gray

The Scold’s Bridle — How Men In The Middle Ages Dealt With Gossiping Wives[1]

By Katie Serena

Published February 2, 2018

中世紀的男人是如何利用「毒舌鈎」對付他們八卦的妻子呢?

Katie Serena 於2018年2月2日發布

Who is 'patient zero' in the coronavirus outbreak?

新冠肺炎的「零號病人」是誰？

24th February 2020[1]

2020年2月24日

As the cases of coronavirus increase in China and around the world, the hunt is on to identify "patient zero". But can singling out one person as causing an outbreak do more harm than good?

Understanding Type 2 Diabetes(3)

認識第二型糖尿病(三)[1]

Understanding Type 2 Diabetes (2)

認識第二型糖尿病(二)[1]

Understanding Type 2 Diabetes(1)

認識第二型糖尿病(一)[1]

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition in which sugar, or glucose, levels build up in your bloodstream. The hormone insulin helps move the sugar from your blood into your cells, which are where the sugar is used for energy.

糖尿病是一種會使糖分或葡萄糖堆積在血液中的慢性疾病。胰島素激素能將血液中的糖分轉移到細胞之內，而細胞則會將糖份轉為能量使用。

In type 2 diabetes, your body’s cells aren’t able to respond to insulin as well as they should. In later stages of the disease, your body may also not produce enough insulin.

What is Cardiovascular Disease?[1]

心血管疾病是什麼？

Cardiovascular disease can refer to a number of conditions:

心血管疾病可指多種疾病：

Heart disease

What's the Difference Between Palliative Care and Hospice Care?

緩和醫療與安寧療護的不同[1]

If you or loved ones are facing a serious illness, you’ve probably been hearing a lot about treating pain. You may have heard the terms “palliative care” or “hospice.”

假如你或你的親人患有重病，你可能已經聽過許多關於治療疼痛的資訊，也可能聽過「緩和醫療」或「安寧療護」這兩個說法。

Both are meant to bring comfort and relief, but they differ in some important ways. To get the right kind of care in your situation, you need to have a good idea of what each service offers.

Presentism and Eternalism: Two Philosophical Theories About Time (2)[1]

現時論與永恆論：兩種有關時間的哲學理論(二)

Eternalism contrasts to Presentism and is thought of as its opposite. Eternalism is the philosophical theory which says that all points in time are equally real. The past, the present, and the future are all real. In this sense, Socrates and tomorrow’s events exist right now, even if I cannot see them or interact with them. Many philosophers have adopted Eternalism because they argue that Presentism is contradicted by Einstein’s Special and General Theory of Relativity, whereas Eternalism agrees with it. As the philosopher of science, Dean Rickles puts it: “the consensus among philosophers seems to be that special and general relativity are incompatible with presentism.”

永恆論與現時論的觀點相反。永恆論認為所有的時間點都真的存在。過去、現在和未來都是真的。就這點而言，即使看不到蘇格拉底和明天要做的事，也無法和他們產生任何互動，但是他們卻都共同存在在當下。許多哲學家會接受永恆論是因為他們說現時論與愛因斯坦的狹義和廣義相對論相矛盾，而永恆論則與相對論的看法一致。身為科學哲學家的Dean Rickles說：「哲學家們似乎都認為相對論與現時論兩者的概念有著天壤之別。」

According to the Presentists, there is a flow of time, with the present moment moving forward into the future and leaving the past behind. However, this idea assumes that the present moment will be the same for everyone, an idea which runs up against special relativity. Special relativity says that observers with different frames of reference (such as observers moving at different speeds) can have different perceptions of whether a pair of events happens at the same time or at different times. In addition, someone moving faster than someone else will experience ‘time passing’ slower than they do. The theory also says we have no reason to prefer one observer’s perception to another – both are correct. We, therefore, cannot say that there are a set of events simultaneously happening in the present. People’s ‘present’ is different depending on their frame of reference.

Presentism and Eternalism: Two Philosophical Theories About Time[1]

現時論與永恆論：兩種有關時間的哲學理論

Presentism is a theory in philosophy which says that the only events and objects which exist are those that exist in the present. So, only things which exist now, right now, really exist. It is a theory which focuses on the temporal present; that is, things existing in the present moment. It is not a theory concerned with whether things exist somewhere else. So long as that object or event which is spatially distant from us exists in the present moment, then it exists. If we were to make a list of all the things that a Presentist believes exists and does not exist; in the list of things that do exist we would have: the Grand Canyon and the Taj Mahal; whereas in the list of things that do not exist we would have: Socrates and tomorrow’s events.

現時論認為只有存在在現在的人事物才是唯一存在著的。所以，只有存在在現在(此時此刻)的東西才是真實存在的。這個理論的重點是時間上的當下，也就是存在在此刻的東西。這個理論不討論事物是否存在在其他地方。無論空間上與我們距離遙不遙遠，只要那個事或物存在在此刻，那它就存在。如果要把所有現時論者認為存在以及不存在的東西都分別列出來的話，那麼，出現在存在表上的就會有：大峽谷和泰姬瑪哈陵；而出現在不存在表上的則會有：蘇格拉底和明天要做的事。

The philosopher Ted Sider says, “Presentism is the doctrine that only the present is real… A presentist thinks that everything is present; more generally, that, necessarily, it is always true that everything is (then) present.” With this definition, the past and future do not exist – they are not real! That is why Presentism is so mind-boggling because we are constantly thinking about the past and planning for the future. But according to this theory, the past and future only exist subjectively – it is only the present which exists objectively (outside of our minds). Also, if we take a statement like “Newton exists”, then this statement could only be true if it was said when Newton existed in the present, say in 1666. If we say that statement now, then it is false. When making statements about what exists, the truth of the statement depends on the context (when the statement was made).