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LGBTQIA Safe Sex Guide[1]

LGBTQIA安全性愛指南

Overview

概述

Historically, when sex education was introduced to the general public, content was focused on puberty education for cisgender people, heterosexual sex, pregnancy prevention, and reduction of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). During that time, there was a great deal of stigma and discrimination associated with being lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA). Gender-inclusive terms such as “nonbinary” and “trans” hadn’t yet entered mainstream language and culture.

從歷史上來看，當向一般公眾介紹性教育時，內容主要都集中在順性別、異性戀性行為、預防懷孕和減少性傳播感染（STIs）的青春期教育上。在那個時候，對女同性戀、男同性戀、雙性戀、跨性别者、酷兒、雙性人和無性戀者（LGBTQIA）存在許多偏見和歧視。性別包容的術語，如「非二元性別的」和「跨性別的」尚未進入主流語言和文化之中。

This historical context and rampant homophobia and transphobia created a foundation where most sex education curricula didn’t acknowledge the existence of LGBTQIA and nonbinary individuals. Sex education programs were, instead, developed based on the assumption that those receiving the information were solely heterosexual and cisgender.

在這種歷史背景和氾濫的恐同症與跨性別恐懼症之下，使大多數的性教育課程都不承認LGBTQIA和非二元性別者的存在。相反地，性教育規劃的發展都是基於接收這些資訊的人全是異性戀和順性別者這樣的假設而定。

That’s why we worked with GLSEN and Advocates for Youth to ensure that this safe sex guide is aimed at understanding the nuanced, complex, and diverse gender identities, sexual orientation, attractions, and experiences that exist in our world, which vary across cultures and communities.

這就是為什麼我們要與GLSEN[2]和青年促進會合作的原因，因為要確保這份安全性愛指南的目的是能了解到我們的世界中存在著略有不同、複雜而多樣的性別認同、性取向、吸引力和經驗，而這些都會隨著文化和群體的不同而異。

Why we need an LGBTQIA-inclusive safer sex guide

為什麼我們需要一個包含LGBTQIA群體，更為安全的性愛指南?

Traditional safe sex guides are often structured in a way that presumes everyone’s gender (male/female/nonbinary/trans) is the same as the sex they were assigned at birth (male/female/intersex or differences in sexual development).

傳統安全性愛指南通常都是建立在假設每個人的性別（男/女/非二元/跨性別）與出生時所指定的性別（男/女/雙性或不同的性發育）相同。

Sex education resources often use videos, pictures, and diagrams as a way to convey important information, though these images and videos have historically failed to reflect or provide information about same-sex and queer relationships. In fact, the GLSEN 2015 National School Climate Survey shows that only about 5 percent of LGBTQ students saw LGBTQ representation in health class.

性教育的資源通常是使用影片、圖片和圖表作為傳遞重要資訊的方式，儘管歷史上這些圖像和影片都未能反映或是未能提供有關同性和酷兒關係的資訊。事實上，GLSEN 2015年全國校園風氣調查顯示只有大約5%的LGBTQ學生在健康課上看到有關LGBTQ的描述。

These guides also often unnecessarily gender body parts as being “male parts” and “female parts” and refer to “sex with women” or “sex with men,” excluding those who identify as nonbinary. Many individuals don’t see body parts as having a gender — people have a gender.

通常這些指南也會多此一舉地用性別稱呼身體部位為「男性部位」和「女性部位」，並且用「與女性發生性關係」或「與男性發生性關係」指稱，而排除掉那些認為自己是非二元性別的人。許多人不認為身體部位有性別—人類才有性別。

And as a result, the notion that a penis is exclusively a male body part and a vulva is exclusively a female body part is inaccurate. By using the word “parts” to talk about genitals and using medical terms for anatomy without attaching a gender to it, we become much more able to effectively discuss safe sex in a way that’s clear and inclusive.

因此，認為陰莖完全是男性身體部位和陰唇完全是女性身體部位這樣的觀點是不準確的。藉由使用「部位」這個詞來談論生殖器以及使用醫學上解剖學術語的方式，而不將性別加在其中，我們才能夠以一種清晰且具有包容性的方式有效地討論安全性行為。

For the purposes of this guide, we’ve chosen to include alternative words for readers to use for their genitals. For example, some trans men choose to use the words “front hole” or “internal genital” instead of “vagina.” Alternatively, some trans women may say “strapless” or “girl dick” for penis. This usage is meant for one-on-one communication with trusted persons, such as your doctor or partner, not for broad discussion.

為了達到本指南的目的，我們選擇提供一些生殖器的替代詞，以供讀者們使用。例如，一些跨性別男人會選擇使用「前孔」或「內生殖器」而不是「陰道」。或者，一些跨性別女人可能會用「免穿戴的」或「女屌[3]」指稱陰莖。這種用法適用於和你信任的人(如醫生或伴侶)進行一對一的溝通，而非用於廣泛的討論上。

In this guide, whenever we use the medical term “vagina,” we’ll also include “front hole” as clinically recommended by researchers in the BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth journal.

在本指南中，當我們使用醫學術語「陰道」時，我們也將《BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth》期刊的研究人員臨床推薦的用詞「前孔」包括在內。

The lack of representation and anti-LGBTQIA bias that LGBTQIA and nonbinary people often see in safe sex guides stigmatizes certain sexual behaviors and identities. It’s also directly related to the health disparities and higher rates of HIV and STIs reported within these communities.

那些LGBTQIA和非二元性別者經常在安全性愛指南中所見的缺乏相關描述和反LGBTQIA的偏見，汙名化了某些性行為和認同。這點也與這些群體中關於健康差距和HIV與性病傳染率較高的報導有直接的關聯。

Discrimination in the sex ed world along with lack of access to healthcare tailored for LGBTQIA people and their needs plays a role in health disparities observed in LGBTQIA communities. For these reasons, it’s imperative for safe sex guides to become more inclusive of LGBTQIA and nonbinary people and their experiences. This will help address barriers to accessing care and effective educational tools, while simultaneously normalizing and acknowledging the true diversity that exists with regard to gender and sexuality.

性教育中的歧視以及缺乏為LGBTQIA人群及其需求量身定制醫療服務這兩件事，對於在LGBTQIA群體中所觀察到的健康差距，扮演著一定的角色。出於這些原因，安全性愛指南中必須更加包容LGBTQIA和非二元性別者以及他們的經驗。這將有助於解決障礙，取得照護和有力的教育方法，同時正常化和承認性別和性取向中存在真正的差異。

Gender identity

性別認同

Gender identity is one component of gender and refers to the internal state of being a male, female, some combination of both, neither, or something else completely. Gender also includes gender expression and gender roles. Gender is different from sex, which is related to biological traits such as chromosomes, organs, and hormones.

性別認同是性別的組成要素之一，是指一種身為男性、女性、兩者的組合、兩者皆不的組合或是其他完全不同的組合所產生的內在狀態。性別還包括性別表達和性別角色。性別與生理性別[4]不同，後者與染色體、器官和激素等生物學特徵有關。

While a medical professional attending a birth assigns sex by looking at an infant’s genitals, gender is something each person comes to understand about themselves. It’s important to remember that gender has to do with who someone is, and sexual orientation has to do with who someone is attracted to.

雖然參與生育過程的醫療專業人員是通過觀察嬰兒的生殖器來指定生理性別，但性別卻是來自於每個人對他們自己的理解。重要的是要記住：性別與某人是誰有關，而性取向則與某人會被誰所吸引有關。

Here’s a list of more common gender identities and a quick description to better understand them:

以下的列表為較為常見的性別認同以及能夠更加了解它們的簡略說明：

• Cisgender is the word used to describe someone whose gender identity is the same as the sex that was assigned to them at birth.

順性別這個字是用來描述一個性別認同與他們出生時被指定給他們的生理性別相同的人。

• Trans is an umbrella term that often includes anyone who might identify as transgender (a gender identity describing someone who doesn’t exclusively identify with the sex they were assigned at birth), genderqueer, nonbinary, transfeminine, transmasculine, agender, and many more. Sometimes people wonder if trans people are always gay, while other times people assume trans people can’t be gay. Just like cisgender people, individuals who identify as trans can have any sexual orientation — straight, gay, bisexual, queer, lesbian, or asexual. Also, different people use gender identity labels differently, so it’s always good to ask someone what that term means to them in order to get a better understanding.

跨性別是一種總括式術語，通常包括可能認為自己是跨性別（一種性別認同，指的是描述某人不全然認為自己的性別是出生時指定給他們的生理性別）、性別酷兒、非二元性別、跨性別女性、跨性別男性、無性別等等的人。有時大家會想知道跨性別者是否都是同性戀，而有時候大家又會認為跨性別者不可能是同性戀。但就如同順性別者，認為自己是跨性別的人可以擁有各種性取向：異性戀、男同性戀、雙性戀、酷兒、女同性戀或無性戀。此外，不同的人使用性別認同的標籤也不同，因此為了能夠更清楚的理解，最好的方法就是向他人詢問那個術語對他們而言是什麼。

• Genderqueer is a gender identity used by people who do things that are outside of the norm of their actual or perceived gender. Sometimes this label overlaps with the sexual orientation label.

性別酷兒是一種性別認同，是指做出超出他們實際或認定的性別所規範的人。有時候這個標籤會與性取向的標籤重疊。

• Nonbinary is a gender identity label that describes those who don’t identify exclusively as male or female. This means that a nonbinary person can identify as both male and female, partially male, partially female, or neither male nor female. Some nonbinary people identify as trans, while other don’t. If you’re confused which one of these terms to use for someone, as always, just ask!

非二元性別是一種性別認同標籤，指的是描述那些不全然認為自己是男性或女性的人。意思是非二元性別的人可能會認為自己是男也是女、部分男、部分女，或者既不是男也不是女。有些非二元性別的人會認為自己是跨性別，而有些則不會。如果你對於該將哪一個術語用在某人身上有所困惑的話，問就是了！

• Transfeminine is an umbrella term used to describe someone who was assigned male at birth and identifies with femininity. Someone who identifies as transfeminine may also identify as a trans woman or female.

跨性別女性是一個總括式術語，指的是在出生時被指定為男性而認為自己有女性特質的人。認為自己是跨性別女性的人也可能認為自己是跨性別女人或女性。

• Transmasculine is a gender identity describing someone who was assigned female at birth but identifies with masculinity. Someone who identifies as transmasculine may also identify as a trans man, trans woman, or male.

跨性別男性是一種性別認同，指的是在出生時被指定為女性而認為自己有男性特質的人。認為自己是跨性別男性的人也可能認為自己是跨性別男人、跨性別女人或男性。

• Agender is the word used to describe those who don’t identify with any gender or can’t relate to gender terms or labels at all. Sometimes people assume those who identify as agender also identify as asexual, but this isn’t true. Agender people can have any sexual orientation.

無性別這個字是用於描述那些不認為自己屬於任何性別或根本不能與性別術語或標籤產生聯繫的人。有時候大家會理所當然地認為那些認為自己是無性別的人也會認為自己是無性戀，但事實上並非如此。無性別者可以有各種性取向。

Sexual orientation

性取向

Sexual orientation describes someone’s emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to another person or group of people. Sexual orientation doesn’t tell us anything about the types of sex someone prefers or what body parts someone has. It simply gives us an idea of the range of people someone is attracted to.

性取向是描述某個人對另一個人或一群人產生的情感上、浪漫傾向上或性慾上的吸引力。性取向並沒有告訴我們某個人所喜歡的性類型或者某個人所擁有的身體部位。它只是告訴我們一個關於某個人會被哪類人所吸引的概念。

Here are some common sexual orientations:

以下是一些常見的性取向：

• Heterosexual, also known as straight, is a sexual orientation to describe the physical, emotional, and sexual attraction to people who have a gender that’s different from their own.

異性戀，也稱為直的，是一種性取向，指的是在肉體上、情感上和性慾上會被與自身性別不同的人所吸引。

• Gay is a sexual orientation to describe a person who’s emotionally, romantically, or sexually attracted to people of their same gender and sometimes used by a person who identifies as man and who is emotionally, romantically, or sexually attracted to other men.

同性戀(男同性戀)是一種性取向，指的是一個在情感上、浪漫傾向上或性慾上會被同性別的人所吸引的人，有時候這個字會被用來指一個認為自己是男人而在情感上、浪漫傾向上或性慾上會被其他男人所吸引的人。

• Lesbian is a sexual orientation to describe a person who identifies as a woman, and who is emotionally, romantically, or sexually attracted to other women.

女同性戀是一種性取向，指的是一個認為自己是女人而在情感上、浪漫傾向上或性慾上會被其他女人所吸引的人。

• Bisexual is a sexual orientation to describe a person who is emotionally, romantically or sexually attracted to two or more genders; often used to mean attraction to people with one’s own gender and other genders.

雙性戀是一種性取向，指的是一個在情感上、浪漫傾向上或性慾上會被兩個或兩個以上的性別所吸引的人；通常用來表示會被相同性別和其他性別的人所吸引。

• Queer is a sexual orientation to describe a person whose feelings of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction don’t fit into predetermined categories.

酷兒是一種性取向，指的是一個人情感上、浪漫傾向上或性慾上的吸引力不符合預定的類別。

• Asexual is a sexual orientation to describe a person who doesn’t experience sexual attraction or desire towards other people but may experience romantic attraction.

無性戀是一種性取向，指的是一個不會對其他人產生性吸引力或慾望的人，但可能會產生浪漫傾向上的吸引力。

• Pansexual is a sexual orientation used to describe a person who’s emotionally, romantically, or sexually attraction to people regardless of their gender or sex.

泛性戀是一種性取向，指的是一個在情感上、浪漫傾向上或性慾上會被無論是什麼性別或生理性別的人所吸引的人。