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Unconscious[1]

潛意識

Understanding the Unconscious

理解潛意識

Freud divided the mind into its conscious and unconscious states. The conscious mind contains all the thoughts, feelings, cognitions, and memories we acknowledge, while the unconscious consists of deeper mental processes that are not readily available to the conscious mind. However, the unconscious is where much of the mind’s work gets done; it's the repository of automatic skills, the source of stored and often repressed memories of traumatic experiences, intuition, fantasy and dreams, and an engine of information processing. 

佛洛伊德將心靈分為意識狀態和潛意識狀態。意識包含所有的思想、感受、認知和我們認為存在的記憶，而潛意識則包含更深層、不為意識所知的心理過程。然而，我們腦中大多的工作卻是在潛意識中完成；它是存放自動能力的地方、是存放著通常被抑制的創傷經歷、直覺、幻想和夢境等記憶的來源，也是訊息處理的引擎。

While it is difficult to measure what exists in the unconscious, we know that even fleeting perceptions can leave lasting imprints on the unconscious mind long before one becomes aware of them. What lives in the unconscious mind can also eek out at any time, in different ways, from misspoken comments to random behaviors. From these unconscious “leaks” one may gain a clearer understanding of his inner state and deeper motivations.

雖然難以衡量潛意識中存有哪些東西，但是我們知道，即使是稍縱即逝的想法，也會早在我們能夠意識到它們之前，就在潛意識上留下深刻的痕跡。存在於潛意識中的東西，從講錯的話到任意的行為，不論在何時、以何種方式也會一直被保存著。從潛意識中「洩漏」出來的東西，可能會讓大家更清楚地了解自己的內心狀態和更深層的動機。

Into Conscious Awareness

進入意識知覺的狀態

The unconscious is sometimes referred to as the “shadows of the mind,” but it is not some black hole of unacceptable impulses waiting to trip a person up. It can, however, be a source of hidden and often disturbing beliefs, fears, and attitudes that affect people's everyday thinking and behavior. We may hold these thoughts down because they feel threatening, yet we know suppression isn’t a long-term solution. Most forms of psychotherapy aim to bring into conscious awareness many of these hindrances, so that we can examine them, choose how best to deal with them, and perhaps rise above them.

有時候潛意識會被稱為「心靈的陰影」，但它可不是什麼等著我們深陷的慾望黑洞。然而，它卻可能產生不為人知且常使人不安的信念、恐懼和態度，影響著大家的日常思維和行為。而我們可能會因為對這些想法感到威脅，而把它們給壓抑下來，儘管我們也知道壓抑只能治標，無法治本。大多數心理治療方法的目的都是帶我們進入意識感知的狀態，察覺這些障礙，這樣我們才能好好的探討它們、選擇最好的方式處理它們，並盡可能地克服它們。