bubble50 DH Freelance 中翻英 英翻中

      This story comes from the Menominee or Menomoni people of northern Wisconsin. The Menominee derived much of their food from the sturgeon that came into the Menominee River and Wolf River each year to spawn. When forced to accept life on a reservation by the U.S. govern­ment, the tribe chose a reservation on the Wolf River so that they could continue their way of life. However, in 1892 a dam was built downstream, and the sturgeon have since been barred from coming upstream. A Sturgeon Ceremony is still held each year, but only with sturgeon hauled from downriver.

這個故事來自於威斯康辛州北部的梅諾米尼或梅諾莫尼人。梅諾米尼人大部分的食物來源為每年進入梅諾米尼河和狼河產卵的鱘魚。當他們被美國政府強制劃分為保留區時，為了能夠繼續他們以往的生活方式，該部落將保留區選在狼河上。但是在1892年時，下游建了一座大壩，至此，鱘魚無法再回到上游。每年在這裡仍會舉行鱘魚儀式，但是用的都是從下游運上來的鱘魚。

The Menominee and Manabush[1]

梅諾米尼和梅納布希

      When Mashé Manido, the Great Spirit, first made the earth, he also created a large numbers of manidos or spirits. Some of these spirits were benevolent, but many were malevolent, and they went to live beneath the earth. Kishä Manido, the Good Spirit, was one of these spirits. He took a bear who lived near where the Menominee River flows into Green Bay and Lake Michigan and allowed the bear to change his form. The Bear, pleased at this gift from the Good Spirit, came out of the ground and changed into the first human.

      當至高無上的神靈Mashé Manido創造出大地時，他也創造出大量的Manido，也就是神靈。其中有一些是仁慈的神靈，但是大多數卻都是惡毒的神靈，他們選擇到地底下生活。其中一個神靈，善靈Kishä Manido，他帶著一隻熊，這隻熊生活在梅諾米尼河流入綠灣和密西根湖的附近，善靈賦予這隻熊能夠改變形態的能力。熊非常喜歡這個善靈給他的禮物，就從地底下出來，變成第一個人類。

      Bear found himself alone and called to an eagle to join him. The eagle descended from the sky and took the form of a human too. Bear and Eagle were deciding whom else to ask to join them when a beaver came by and asked to join their tribe. Beaver too became a human and, as a female, became the first woman. When Bear and Eagle came to a stream, they found a sturgeon, and Sturgeon became part of their tribe as well. It is from these early people that the Bear, Eagle, and Sturgeon clans of the Menominee originated.

     在發現只有自己一個人後，貝爾[2](熊)就叫老鷹加入他。老鷹從天而降，也變成了人。在貝爾和伊戈爾(老鷹)說著還要讓誰加入他們的時候，來了一隻海狸並要求加入他們的部落。海狸也變成了人類，而且由於她是雌的，所以她便成為第一個女人。當貝爾和伊戈爾來到河邊時，他們發現了一條鱘魚，斯特吉恩(鱘魚)也成了他們部落的一份子。梅諾米尼的貝爾、伊戈爾和斯特吉恩家族正是由這些早期的人類而來。

      One day when Bear was going up a river, he got tired and stopped to rest. As he was talking to a wolf, a crane flew up to them. Bear asked the crane to fly him up the river, promising to take Crane into his tribe in return. As Crane and Bear were leaving, Wolf asked if he could join them, both for the trip and in their tribe. Crane took both of them on his back and flew them up the river, and this is how the Crane and Wolf clans came into the tribe of Menominee people.

      有一天，貝爾沿著河流向上走，走累了之後就停下來休息。當他在和狼說話的時候，一隻鶴飛向他們。貝爾要求鶴帶著他飛上這條河，作為回報，他承諾會讓克蘭(鶴)成為他們部落的一員。當克蘭和貝爾要離開的時候，沃夫(狼)問說他可不可以加入他們的旅程，他也想加入他們的部落。克蘭把他們兩個背在背上，然後飛上這條河，克蘭和沃夫的家族就這樣加入了梅諾米尼人的部落。

      Bear took the name Sekatcokemau. He built the first wigwam for his people, and built a canoe so that he and his people could catch fish like sturgeon. The Good Spirit provided the people with corn, and with medicinal plants. However, the Good Spirit realized that the Menominee were afflicted by hardship and disease from the malevolent spirits. To help his people, the Good Spirit sent his kindred spirit Manabush down to earth.

     貝爾以Sekatcokemau為他的名。他為他的人民造了第一間棚屋，又建了一艘獨木舟，讓他和他的人民可以捕魚，像是鱘魚。善靈給了大家玉米和藥用植物。但是善靈卻發現梅諾米尼人受到邪惡神靈降下的苦難和疾病的折磨。為了幫助他們，善靈將他同類的神靈梅納布希送到了大地上。

      Once there was an old woman named Nokomis who had an unmarried daughter, and the daughter gave birth to twin boys. One of the boys and his mother died. Nokomis wrapped the surviving boy in dry grass and put him under a wooden bowl to protect him while she buried the other boy and his mother. When she returned, she picked up the bowl and found a little white rabbit. She raised the rabbit, and he became the Great Rabbit, which is "Mashé Wabösh" in Menominee, or "Manabush".

      從前有一位名叫諾克米絲的老婦人，她有一個還未嫁人的女兒，但這個女兒卻生下了一對雙胞胎男孩。但其中一個男孩和他的生母卻去世了。在諾克米絲埋葬另一個男孩和他母親時，她把倖存的那名男孩包裹在乾草中，並將他放在一個木碗底下來保護他。當她回來時，她把碗拿起來，結果卻發現了一隻小白兔。她將這隻兔子養大，而這隻兔子後來成為至高無上的兔子，也就是梅諾米尼語中的「Mashé Wabösh」，或是「梅納布希」。

      When Manabush came of age, he had his grandmother make two drum sticks with which he drummed to call the people together to a long wigwam he had built. He taught them many useful things and gave them powerful medicines to cure diseases. He gave them medicine bags that were made of the hides of mink and weasel and rattlesnake and panther. From that first meeting comes the Grand Medicine Society of the Menominee today.

      當梅納布希成年時，他要求他的祖母做了兩根鼓棒，他用這兩根鼓棍將人們召集到他所建造的長棚屋來。他教給他們許多有用的東西，給了他們治療疾病的良藥。他給了他們用貂皮、黃鼠狼皮、響尾蛇皮和豹皮製成的藥袋。在第一屆的會議上就出現了現在的梅諾米尼大醫學會。

      Manabush went on to accomplish many great feats for his people. Once there was a great water monster who killed many people, especially fishermen. Manabush let the monster eat him and then stabbed it from inside and killed it. To get his people fire, Manabush went far to the east across the water to the wigwam of an old man and his daughters. The daughters found a little rabbit shivering outside their wigwam and took it in to warm it by their fire. Manabush grabbed an ember from the fire and fled back with it across the water, bringing fire to his people. Once he climbed a mountain and stole tobacco from a giant who kept it there, and he had to flee from the giant to bring tobacco back to his people. As he fled, he hid himself just before a cliff, and the giant ran past him and over the cliff. When the giant climbed back up the cliff, bleeding and bruised, Manabush grabbed him and threw him to the ground, making him the grasshopper that today can only chew at the tobacco plants in the fields.

     梅納布希繼續為他的人民完成許多偉大的壯舉。之前有一隻大水怪，牠殺了許多人，特別是漁夫。梅納布希讓怪物吃掉他，然後從怪物的身體裡刺傷它並殺了它。為了讓他的人民有火，梅納布希穿過河水，向東遠行去找一位老人和他女兒們所住的棚屋。女兒們發現這隻小兔子在棚屋外面冷得發抖，就把它抱到火邊取暖。梅納布希從火中抓起了一塊餘火未盡的炭塊，然後穿過河水跑回去，將火帶給他的人民。有一次，他爬上一座山，從巨人那裡偷走了他存放在那的煙草，然後被巨人追趕著逃跑，但他還是將煙草帶給他的人民。在他逃跑的時候，他躲在懸崖前緣，結果巨人跑過了他，從懸崖上掉了下去。當巨人從懸崖下流著血、滿身是傷的爬上來時，梅納布希抓住他並將他扔到地上，把他變成蚱蜢，而蚱蜢現在就只能嚼著田裡的煙草植物而已。

      Once Manabush was out hunting and deceived some birds into singing with him. When they were close, he caught a swan and a goose on a sand bar and killed them for his dinner. However, by then he was tired, so he buried the birds up to their necks in sand, built a fire around them to cook them, and lay down to take a nap. When he awoke, he was hungry, and so he went to get his cooked birds. When he pulled at the necks, he came up with the heads and necks, but the bodies of the birds were missing. He ran out on the sand bar just in time to see people in canoes disappearing around a point of land. Realizing they had stolen his meal, he ran after them yelling "Winnebago! Winnebago!", which is the name the Menominee have used ever since for their thievish neighbors to the south.

      有一次，梅納布希出去打獵時，哄騙一些鳥，讓他們跟著他一起唱歌。當他們靠近時，他在沙洲上抓住了一隻天鵝和一隻鵝，然後殺死他們，當成他的晚餐。可是那時他卻已經累了，所以他只好把這些鳥埋起來，用沙子整個埋到他們的脖子，然後在周圍生起火來煮他們，然後躺下來睡了一覺。當他醒來時，覺得很餓，就去找那些他煮好的鳥。但是當他拉著鳥的脖子時，卻只拉出頭和脖子，鳥的身體卻不見了。結果，在他剛跑出沙洲時，他看到了獨木舟上的人在峽角附近失去身影。意識到是他們偷了他的飯之後，他追趕在他們後面，大喊著「Winnebago！Winnebago」，從此之後，梅諾米尼人就會用個名字來稱呼那些在南邊愛偷東西的鄰居。