bubble50 DH Freelance 中翻英 英翻中

Consent

同意

Sexual consent is the act of agreeing to participate in any kind of touching or sexual activity. Sexual consent should take place in every sexual encounter and with all types of sexual activity and touching. Yes, even kissing!

性同意是指同意進行任何形式的觸摸或與性行為相關的動作。性同意應該在每次有性接觸以及在所有性行為和觸摸發生時提起。沒錯，甚至接吻也是！

Often, consent involves a lot more than just a simple yes or no. It’s important to remember that the absence of a no doesn’t mean yes. There are often multiple behaviors to a sexual interaction, and consenting to one stage doesn’t necessarily mean someone is consenting to everything.

通常，同意所涉及的不僅僅是簡單的要或不要。重要的是要記住：沒有說不要並不代表就是要。性交流通常包含多種行為，同意一個階段的交流並不代表對方同意進行所有的交流。

Checking in with your sexual partner before and during sexual behaviors can help create a safe environment where sex can be a mutually pleasurable and positive experience grounded in respect and understanding. If you’re worried about ruining the mood or moment, take time before things get heavy to talk about consent and sex as well as barriers and protections. This strategy allows sexual partners to stay in the moment while also having clarity about what’s OK and what isn’t.

在性行為進行之前和期間與性伴侶確定一下，有助於創造一個安全的環境，讓性行為可以是一種基於尊重和理解，能讓雙方都產生愉悅和良好的體驗。如果你擔心會破壞氣氛或時機的話，可以在事情還沒有那麼激烈之前，先花點時間談談同意與性愛，以及隔層和保護的使用。這個策略可以讓雙方不用破壞好時機，同時又能清楚地知道什麼可以做，什麼不能做。

Though consent is a serious thing, it doesn’t have to be a buzzkill. There are lots of ways to provide consent and finding the ones that work for you and your partner(s) can help create the trust and open communication that’s necessary to explore and have fun with sex.

雖然同意是一件嚴肅的事，但卻不一定是掃興的事。表達同意的方法有很多種，找一個適合你和伴侶(們)的方法可以幫助建立信任和開啟探索和享受性生活所必要的溝通。

Consent can come in different forms, and it’s important to become educated on the various types in order to decide which form is the best fit for a particular person, group of people, or situation.

同意的表達可以有不同的形式，而重要的是去學習各種類型的內容，才能確定哪種形式最適合特定的人、群體或情況。

• Verbal or expressed consent is the act of using words to confirm agreement that you want something. The main thing to remember about this form of consent is that everything about the agreement is verbalized using words and there are no elements that are assumed or implied. If it wasn’t stated in the conversation or question, it wasn’t consented to.

口頭或明示同意是使用言語來確定你想要某事的動作。關於這種形式的同意，最該記住的是，同意的所有內容都是用言語表達出來，不會有任何的假設或默示。如果在談話中或詢問中沒有說出來，就表示沒有同意這樣的事。

• Implied consent is conscious and intentional agreement that someone wants something through their actions or body language. This type of consent can be tricky because the way body language and actions are interpreted varies from person to person. For example, one person may view flirtatious body language and touching as implied consent for more touching of other parts of the body, whereas someone else may view it as simply consenting to the flirtation and touching that’s currently happening. For this reason, it’s always best to get verbal consent too. Talk with your partner about how they feel about implied consent and the ways they use their body to communicate consent in a given sexual interaction.

默示同意是指藉由行為或肢體語言，有意識及刻意的同意某人想要某事。這種類型的同意可能很難辨認，因為肢體語言和行為的解釋方式會因人而異。例如，一個人可能會將調情的肢體語言和觸摸視為暗示同意觸摸更多其他的身體部位，而另一個人則可能會將其視為僅僅同意當前發生的調情和觸摸。因此，最好也能得到口頭同意。與你的伴侶討論他們對默示同意的想法以及他們在特定的性交流下，使用身體語言傳達同意的方式。

• Enthusiastic consent involves both the verbal act of agreement and communicating the level of desire associated with that agreement. In simplest terms, it’s telling someone what you want and how badly you want it. The idea behind enthusiastic consent is that taking ownership and stating personal needs and desires is an important part of the consent process. Not only does this guide someone in knowing their partner’s wants and desires, both generally and in a given moment, but it also establishes a system of open communication for conveying preferences, turn-ons, and fantasies before and during sex.

熱情同意同時涉及口頭同意行為以及傳達與該同意有關的慾望程度。簡單來說，它是告訴別人你想要什麼以及你有多想要它。熱情同意背後的想法是，同意過程中一個重要的部分是能取得主導權並陳述個人的需求和慾望。這不僅能引導一個人在一般情況和在特定時刻下都能了解伴侶的需求和慾望，而且它還能建立一個開放的溝通系統，讓彼此在性行為之前和期間時能夠傳達偏好、性趣和幻想。

• Contractual consent involves creating a written contract that outlines the sexual preferences of the partners involved and clearly states the sexual acts that can and can’t be performed, and in which situations. For some people, contractual consent means consent isn’t needed in the moment. For others, verbal, implied, or enthusiastic consent still need to happen. It’s important to remember that anyone can opt out of the contract or change the terms of the contract at any time. It’s helpful to revisit contractual consents regularly to ensure each person is still on the same page.

合約同意包括建立書面合約，概述合約中伴侶的性偏好，並明確地說明在那些情況下可以進行和不可以進行的性行為。對一些人來說，有了合約同意就表示當下進行時不需要再提出同意。對另一些人來說，卻仍然需要有口頭、暗示或熱情同意。重要的是要記住：任何人都可以隨時選擇退出合約或更改合約的條款。定期重新審視合約同意的內容有助於確保每個人對同意的項目仍然保有相同的態度。

Practicing contractual consent allows partners to engage in sexual encounters knowing what’s agreed upon, both in terms of consent and sexual activity. That’s why contractual consent is nice for many partners who prefer not to talk about consent in the midst of sex. This can help people feel more prepared and comfortable, while also eliminating the need to interrupt a passionate moment.

使用合約同意可以讓伴侶在知道雙方允許了哪些同意和性行為的情形之下，進行性接觸。這就是為什麼合約同意對於那些不想在性行為中談論同意的人來說是件好事。這可以讓人感到更有準備、更加舒適，同時不用打斷任何激情的時刻。

Some ways to discuss consent with your partner

與伴侶討論同意的一些方法

• “I was reading this article about different types of consent and realized we’ve never talked about it before.”

「我剛在閱讀這篇關於不同類型同意的文章，然後我發現我們以前從來沒有談過這個問題。」

• “I want to make sure we’re respecting each other during sex. Can we talk about consent?” “Hey, I’m wondering if we can check in about consent?”

「我想確定我們在性行為中是否尊重彼此。所以我們可以談談同意的話題嗎？」「嘿，我在想我們是否可以確認一下同意的事？」

• “There are usually a few conversations I like to have before having sex. Do you mind if we talk about consent?”

「通常在做愛之前，我有話想說。你介意我們說一下有關同意的話題嗎？」

• “I know it can be awkward to talk about these things, but I’m hoping we can talk about consent. I know that’ll make me feel more comfortable and lead to a more positive experience for me.”

「我知道談論這些事情可能會有點尷尬，但我希望我們可以說一下有關同意的話題。這樣會讓我感到比較舒服，而且還能為我帶來更好的體驗。」

STIs

性病

An STI is an infection that’s passed from one person to another through sexual contact and activity. Although there’s often a lot of negative stigma — and sometimes shame — around contracting STIs, it’s actually quite common. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are approximately 20 million new STIs contracted every year in the United States, and 50 percent of these cases occur among people aged 15 to 24. Talking about STIs can be scary, but it’s super important to get tested regularly and talk with your healthcare provider about STIs if you’re sexually active.

性病是一種通過性接觸和性行為從一個人傳給另一個人的傳染病。雖然經常對於感染性病存有許多負面的偏見，有時甚至感到羞恥，實際上它卻相當常見。根據美國疾病管制與預防中心(CDC)，美國每年大約會有兩千萬人感染性病，其中50％發生在15歲到24歲的人之中。雖然談論性病會讓人感到害怕，但若你是性行為活躍的人，那麼定期接受檢查並與醫療照護人員談論性病就極為重要。

Ways STIs can be transmitted

性病傳播的方式

• Skin-to-skin contact 皮膚接觸
• vaginal/front hole sex     陰道/前孔性交
• anal sex                  肛交
• oral sex                  口交
• contact with bodily fluids, such as blood or semen體液接觸，如血液或精液
• needles                   針頭

Testing is also important, because many people with an STI may not know they have one. There are a number of STIs that don’t come with significant or visible symptoms, which is why getting tested is the most effective way to stay STI-free.

檢查也很重要，因為許多患有性病的人可能不知道自己患有性病。有許多性病不會出現明顯或可見的症狀，這就是為什麼接受檢查是不讓性病存在最有效的方法。

There are great websites, such as Get Tested, that’ll help you locate a local testing center. STD Test Express and SH:24 are great resources for those interested in at-home STI kits and testing.

有一些很棒的網站，像是Get Tested可以幫你找到當地的檢測中心。對家用性病篩檢套組和檢查感興趣的人來說，STD Test Express和 SH:24都是不錯的資源。

Most STIs can be treated with medication and many are cured with antibiotics. But when risk factors are ignored and STI symptoms go untreated, serious health issues can arise.

大多數的性病都可以用藥物來治療，而其中有許多都是使用抗生素來治癒。但是若忽略了危險因子又不治療性病的話，就會產生嚴重的健康問題。

Ways to prevent STIs

預防性病的方式

• frequent STI testing

頻繁的性病檢查

• condoms and gloves used correctly with each sex act

每次的性行為都能正確地使用保險套和手套

• dams

口腔保護膜

• medications such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

使用暴露前預防性投藥（PrEP）或暴露後防護（PEP）等藥物

• vaccinations

疫苗接種

Talking with a healthcare provider about these options and their effectiveness may help someone decide which combination of methods makes the most sense for them.

與醫療照護人員討論這些選擇及其有效性可能有助於決定哪種組合最為可行。

Previously, there’s been a significant amount of research and data pointing to increased rates of STIs within the LGBTQIA community. More recent studies, however, suggest that flaws in the language, questions, and topics included in past research result in questionable conclusions related to STI disparities and contribute to stigma surrounding the LGBTQIA community.

過去，大量的研究和數據都指出LGBTQIA群體中的性病率有所上升。 然而，最近的研究卻暗示著，由於過去研究中所包含的語言、問題和主題上的缺陷，使其與性病差距相關的結論令人懷疑，也促成對LGBTQIA群體的偏見。

The language used in research should shift away from using gender and sexual identities to categorize certain sexual activities and experiences and instead focus on the sexual acts and behaviors that present the most risk for transmission and contraction of STIs.

研究中使用的語言應該從使用性別認同和性取向認同對某些性行為和經驗進行分類的方式，改成關注在對性病傳播和傳染具有最大風險的性行為上。

Types of sex and ways to make sex safer[1]

性的類型與讓性更加安全的方法

We frequently hear about the importance of paying attention to our physical and mental health. For many people, it’s important to add sexual health to that list. Sexual health is an important part of your overall health. Sexual health includes:

我們常會聽到注意身心健康的重要性。但對於許多人來說，將性健康加入這個清單中也非常重要。對你的整體健康而言，性健康也佔有重要的一席。性健康包括：

• discovering sexual identity and attractions

發覺性取向認同和性吸引力

• finding ways to communicate them to others

找到能夠將它們傳達給他人的方式

• preventing the transmission of STIs

防止性病的傳播

Having access to information about how to stay safe during sex gives people the comfort and confidence to explore and fulfill their sexual desires with less anxiety and worry. Understanding different types of sex and ways to make it safer is the first step in taking charge of your sexual health.

取得有關如何在性愛中保持安全的資訊，能夠讓大家在探索和滿足他們的性慾時，取得愉悅和自信，減少焦慮和擔憂。了解不同類型的性愛以及能夠讓性更加安全的方法是掌握自己性健康的第一步。

Tips for safe oral and penetrative sex

安全口交和插入式性行為的小竅門

• Talk with your partner about the last time they were tested for STIs.

與你的伴侶討論他們前一次接受性病檢查時的狀況。

• Don’t participate in this type of sex if you notice cuts, sores, bumps, or high-risk bodily fluids — such as blood — on their genitals or in their mouth, as this can be signs of an infection and can increase the chances of transmitting an STI.

如果你在他們的生殖器或口腔中發現切口、潰瘍、腫塊或高風險體液（如血液），請不要進行此類性行為，因為這可能是感染的徵兆，而且還會增加性病傳播的可能。

Safe penetrative sex in a front hole, vagina, or anus

安全的前孔、陰道或肛門插入式性交

Penetrative sex, also known as intercourse, is the act of inserting a body part or toy inside someone’s front hole, vagina, or anus. It’s important to be aware that the person being penetrated, also known as the receptive partner, or “bottom,” is typically at a higher risk for contracting STIs than the partner who’s penetrating, also known as the inserting partner or “top.”

插入式性交，也稱為交媾，是將身體部位或玩具插入某人的前孔、陰道或肛門內的行為。需要特別注意的是，被插入者，也被稱為受方或「下方」，基本上比插入者，也稱為攻方或「上方」，承受更高的性病感染風險。

The risk for transmitting HIV to a bottom during unprotected anal sex is 15 in 1,000 compared with 3 in 10,000 for transmitting HIV from a bottom to a top.

在進行無保護措施的肛交時，將愛滋病毒傳給下方的風險是千分之十五，而相較之下，將愛滋病毒從下方傳給上方的風險則是萬分之三。

Ways to make penetrative sex safer

如何讓插入式性交更加安全

• Use a barrier such as a condom. Most condoms are made out of latex, but there are others made out of polyisoprene or polyurethane for those with a latex allergy.

使用保險套等隔層。大多數的保險套都是乳膠製成，但是也有一些是為了給對乳膠過敏的人所用，而以PI材質或PU材質製成。

• Use a new barrier or condom with each new sexual partner and sexual activity.

不管是對每個新的性伴侶還是在每次性行為時，都要使用新的隔層或保險套。

• Be sure to put the condom on correctly. Pinching the reservoir tip of a condom before rolling it over the penis will leave space to collect semen and reduce the chances the condom will break when the semen is released. The condom should be rolled down to the base of the penis so the barrier is covering the entire body part.

一定要正確地使用保險套。在將保險套套在陰莖上之前，先捏住保險套前端，留出收集精液的空間並減少射精時保險套破裂的可能。應將保險套套到陰莖根部，讓隔層能整個包裹住該部位。

• Secure the base ring of the condom when removing the condom-covered penis from the other person’s body. This helps prevent bodily fluids from sliding out of the condom and having contact with your partner.

要從一人身體上取下包裹著陰莖的保險套時，先固定住保險套的套環。這能避免體液流出保險套並接觸到伴侶。

• Never put more than one condom on a penis at one time. Using two condoms on the same penis at this same time increases friction and the likelihood that one or both condoms will break.

切勿在陰莖上同時套上多個保險套。同時使用兩個保險套會增加摩擦力並增加一個或兩個保險套都破裂的可能。

• Apply lube. Lube cuts down on the amount of friction on a condom, which helps prevent the chance that the condom will break.

塗抹潤滑劑。潤滑劑減少保險套上的摩擦力，防止保險套破裂的可能。

• When using a condom for penetrative sex, it can be helpful to place lube on the front hole, vagina, or anus before inserting. This will decrease pain and friction while increasing pleasure.

當使用保險套進行插入式性行為時，在插入前將潤滑劑塗在前孔、陰道或肛門上會有助於減少疼痛和摩擦，同時增加愉悅感。

Ways to make oral sex safer

如何讓口交更加安全

• Place a latex barrier between the mouth and body part oral sex is being performed on.

在口腔和要進行口交的身體部位之間放一塊乳膠隔層。

• Apply lube to both sides of the barrier to enhance pleasure and decrease the chances of transmitting an infection.

在隔層的兩側塗抹潤滑劑，增加愉悅度，減少傳染的可能。

Ways to make sex with hands safer

如何讓用手性交更加安全

• Apply a generous amount of lube to help prevent cuts and pain.

塗抹大量的潤滑劑，防止割傷和疼痛。

• Wash your hands and trim your fingernails before using them during sex.

在性愛過程中使用它們之前，請先洗手並修剪指甲。

• Important to note that sex with hands and fingers isn’t a common way of transmitting STIs, but we always want to be as safe as possible.

值得注意的是，用手和手指進行性愛並不是傳染性病的常見方式，但我們總是希望盡可能的安全一點。

• Use a hand or glove that’s different from the one you used to touch yourself, when touching your partner(s).

在接觸伴侶(們)時，請不要使用你在摸自己時使用的手或手套。

Ways to make sex with toys safer

如何讓玩具的使用更加安全

• Use a barrier such as a latex condom on toys being used for penetration in the front hole, vagina, anus, or mouth.

在用於插入前孔、陰道、肛門或口腔的玩具上套上像是乳膠保險套之類的隔層。

• If a toy’s been exposed to bodily fluids such as semen, vaginal fluids, saliva, or blood, try not to share it. This can reduce the risk of transmitting an STI.

若玩具有碰到像是精液、陰道體液、唾液或血液之類的體液，盡量不要與別人共用它。這樣可以降低性病傳播的風險。

• If you do decide to share a sex toy that’s been used by or with a previous partner, be sure to clean and sanitize it thoroughly, following manufacturer’s instructions. Toys are made out of many different materials and therefore require different methods for sanitization. Some should be cleaned using soap and water while others should be boiled in hot water for a period of time. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions on how to sanitize each toy in the safest, most effective way.

若你決定和前一個人共用其使用過或一同使用過的情趣玩具，請務必依照製造商的說明書徹底將它清潔和消毒。因為玩具是由各種不同的材料所製成，因此需要不同的消毒方法。有些需要使用肥皂和水清洗，而有些則需要在熱水中煮一段時間。請依照製造商說明書上關於如何以最安全且最有效的方式消毒每個玩具。