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Methods of protection[1]

保護方法

Knowing how to properly protect yourself is key to both safe sex and staying in good sexual health. There are a number of different types of sexual protection barriers, including:

了解如何正確的保護自己是安全性行為和保持良好性健康的關鍵。不同類型的性防護措施包括：

• outside condoms      外用保險套
• inside condoms  內用保險套
• dams                  保護膜
• gloves                 手套
• lube                    潤滑劑

Water-based lubes are always best with latex condoms. This is because they reduce the chance that the lubricant will break down the barrier and reduce its effectiveness.

水基潤滑劑是使用乳膠保險套時最好的選擇。這是因為這個組合能夠減少潤滑劑分解隔層進而降低其有效性的可能。

These methods of protection can and should be used for all kinds of sex, which means everything from touching genitals to penetrative sex. Using barriers during sex helps reduce the risk of getting or giving STIs to sex partners, providing peace of mind that can make sex more fun and pleasurable for everyone. Barriers should also be used with sex toys, if sharing between two or more persons.

這些保護方法可以且應該被用於各種性行為中，也就是從觸摸生殖器到插入式性行為的所有性行為中都該使用。在性行為中使用隔層有助於降低性伴侶感染到或傳染出性病的風險，讓每個人都能安心地享受更加愉悅的性生活。若與兩個或兩個以上的人共享性玩具，也應該在玩具上套上隔層。

In order to get the most out of sexual protection barriers, they need to be used correctly and for the appropriate sexual activity. Here’s a step-by-step guide for using some of the most common barriers:

為了能夠充分利用性防護措施，得學會在適當的性行為中正確的使用它們。關於如何使用一些最常見的隔層，請看以下的逐步指南：

Outside condoms (commonly referred to as ‘male condoms’)

外用保險套（通常稱為「男用保險套」）

An outside condom is a sexual protection barrier that can be used for penetrative and oral sex involving a penis. Outside condoms are designed to contain the bodily fluids (such as semen or ejaculate) that are released during sex. This prevents sexual partner(s) from being exposed to anyone’s fluids but their own.

外用保險套是一種性防護措施，可用於會使用到陰莖的插入式性交和口交。外用保險套的設計是為了能夠容納性交時所釋放的體液（如精液或射精）。這可以避免性伴侶(們)除了他們自己的體液之外，不會碰到其他任何人的體液。

Outside condoms can be purchased at convenience stores, grocery stores, and drugstores. They can be purchased at any age and are often free at many health centers and STI testing clinics.

外用保險套可以在超商、雜貨店和藥店買到。任何年齡層都可以購買，而且通常在許多健康中心和性病檢查診所中都能夠免費取得。

For those with a latex allergy, use a non-latex condom made with polyisoprene or polyurethane.

對乳膠過敏的人，請使用由PI材質或PU材質所製成的非乳膠製保險套。

Inside condoms (commonly referred to as ‘female condoms’)

內用保險套（通常稱為「女用保險套」）

An inside condom is a sexual protection barrier that can be used for penetrative sex involving a front hole/vagina or anus.

內用保險套是一種性防護措施，可用於會使用到前孔/陰道或肛門的插入式性行為。

Inside condoms are designed to line the wall of the front hole/vagina or anus in order to prevent bodily fluids from coming into contact with the toy or body part penetrating it.

內用保險套的設計是與前孔/陰道或肛門壁貼平，來避免體液與玩具或插入它的身體部分接觸。

Inside condoms are often harder to find than outside condoms. Only one brand is available in the United States, but health clinics often have them. They’re also available by prescription.

內用保險套通常比外用保險套更難找到。在美國只有一個品牌有販售，但是通常在健康診所中也能找到，此外，也可通過醫生處方取得。

Dams (also known as dental dams)

保護膜(或口腔保護膜)

A dam is a sexual protection barrier used during oral sex to help decrease the risk of contracting or transmitting an STI, such as gonorrhea, HPV, or herpes.

保護膜是口交時所使用的性防護措施，它有助於降低感染或傳播像是淋病、HPV或疱疹等性病的風險。

Dams can be used with lots of different body parts, including a front hole/vagina, clitoris, and anus. Even though oral sex involving a penis has a higher risk of STI transmission, it’s important to know that oral sex involving other body parts still presents risks.

保護膜可以與許多不同的身體部位一起使用，包括前孔/陰道、陰蒂和肛門。即使包含陰莖的口交行為有較高的性病傳播風險，也應該要知道其實包含其他身體部位的口交同樣也存在風險。

Dams can be harder to find in stores than outside condoms. You can create your own dam by cutting open an outside condom and using it as a barrier between body parts.

比起外用保險套，在商店裡更難找到保護膜。你可以自製保護膜，將外用保險套割開來並當成隔層放在身體部位之間。

Gloves

手套

Gloves are a great way to prevent the risk of infection when having sex with hands and fingers. They protect genitals from the germs found on hands and also keep hands safe from the bodily fluids that the genitals and anus release during sexual activity. Gloves can also provide a smooth texture that often increases pleasure during sex with hands.

在用雙手和手指進行性行為時，使用手套是防止感染風險的好辦法。它們可以保護生殖器不被手上的細菌感染，也可以保護雙手不受在性行為時從生殖器和肛門釋放的體液所影響。手套還可以提供光滑的質感，增加用手做愛的樂趣。

Lube

潤滑劑

Lube by itself isn’t the most effective sexual protection method, but it can still act as a protective factor during sex. This is because it prevents excessive friction from occurring, which can break down condoms and cause small tears in the genital area.

潤滑劑本身並不是最有效的性保護方法，但是在性行為中，它仍然可以被當成一種保護因素。這是因為它可以防止過度摩擦造成保險套破裂並導致生殖器區域輕微撕裂的發生。

If using a latex barrier with lube, you’ll want to make sure to use lube that’s safe for latex. Non-water-based lubes can break down latex, causing the latex barrier to become less effective. Water-based lubes, however, are always a good choice. They can be used on latex, toys, and body parts. When the correct lube is used, it can both enhance pleasure and add an extra element of protection.

如果要在乳膠隔層上使用潤滑劑，你得確定你所使用的潤滑劑能使用在乳膠上。非水基潤滑劑會分解乳膠，導致乳膠隔層變得不那麼有效。因此，最好都能使用水基潤滑劑，因為它們可以用於乳膠、玩具和身體部位上。當你使用正確的潤滑劑時，它既可以增加樂趣，又可以增加額外的保護要素。

Using lube is easy! Just apply it to a barrier or body part as needed to prevent friction, cuts, and tearing. If used for oral sex, make sure it is an edible lube.

潤滑劑很容易使用！只需依照個人需求將其塗抹在隔層或身體部位上，就能防止摩擦、割傷和撕裂。如果用於口交，請確定使用的是可食用的潤滑劑。

Protection for trans bodies

跨性別者身體的保護

Body parts and genitals vary in shape, size, color, and texture among all humans. Trans people use the same methods cisgender people use to engage in safer sex: outside condoms, inside condoms, gloves, and dams. Some trans and nonbinary-identified people choose to use gender-affirming interventions, such as hormones and surgery, to change their body to align with who they are. There are other trans-identified people who don’t feel the need to change their bodies to feel alignment and congruence around gender. There are also many who would like to but can't due to other factors, such as finances, medical reasons, and legal issues (depending on where in the world they live).

每個人的身體部位和生殖器的形狀、大小、顏色和觸感各有不同。跨性別者和順性別者一樣，都是使用相同的方法來進行更安全的性行為：外用保險套、內用保險套、手套和保護膜。一些認為自己是跨性別和非二元性別的人會選擇使用性別確認醫療干預手段，如荷爾蒙和手術，來改變自己的身體，讓它與自我認定的性別保持一致。其他認為自己是跨性別的人也有認為不需要透過改變自己的身體來感受生理與心理性別的一致與和諧。還有許多人雖然希望能做這些改變，但卻因為其他因素而無法做到，像是財務狀況、醫療因素和法律問題（取決於他們所住的地方）。

For those who are able to and choose to pursue gender-affirming interventions (and for their partners), it’s important to have access to information about how those changes impact pleasure, sexual functioning, sexual health, and risk of STI transmission.

對於那些能夠且選擇尋求性別確認醫療干預手段的人（以及他們的伴侶）來說，重要的是要去找相關資訊，了解這些變化會如何影響他們的快樂、性功能、性健康和性病風險。

As mentioned before, there’s no gender or sexual identity that automatically places someone at more of a risk for STI infections. It’s the sexual behaviors someone engages in — not how they identify — that make them more or less at risk.

如前所述，性別認同或性取向認同不會必然使某人有更高的性病感染風險。進行性行為才是導致感染風險高或低的關鍵，而不是他們如何自我認定。

Each person is responsible for doing their part to understand their most appropriate forms of protection for their body. This only leads to safer and more fun sex for them and their partner(s).

每個人都有責任盡自己的力量找到最適合保護自己身體的方式。這樣才能為他們和他們的伴侶帶來更安全、更享受的性生活。

Preventive care

預防性照護

Self

自己

Staying informed about your STI status and overall sexual health is an important goal. In order to maintain good sexual health, it’s important for people to know their own body and pay attention to it.

隨時了解你的性病狀況和整體性健康是一大重要目標。為了能保持良好的性健康，大家必須了解並注意自己的身體。

Finding a healthcare provider who’s the right match can be another key factor in sexual health and wellness. Establishing care with a healthcare provider who’s the right fit creates space for open communication between patient and provider and can make regular checkups for general overall health more appealing.

尋找合適的醫療照護人員可能是性健康和健康的另一個重要因素。與合適的醫療照護人員建立醫療照護能為患者和照護人員創造一個開放溝通的空間，並且讓人更加願意進行定期健康檢查。

Likewise, if someone is sexually active, STI testing should be a regular occurrence. It’s also important to know that there are at-home STI tests and other types of testing centers that allow people to get tested without seeing a doctor. In the United States, minors who are 12 years old or over can seek out sexual health and STI testing without a parent’s permission. Many of the clinics serving youth and young adults offer a sliding scale, so people can pay what they can afford.

同樣地，若是性生活活躍的人，應該定期接受性病檢查。此外，應該要知道有不同類型的家用性病篩檢和其他類型的檢測中心，讓人不用去看醫生也可以接受檢查。在美國，12歲或以上的未成年人可以在未經父母許可的情況下取得性健康和性病檢查。許多為青少年和年輕人服務的診所有提供分級收費，讓他們可以支付負擔得起的費用。

Partners

伴侶

Talking about STIs with a partner(s) isn’t always easy or comfortable, but it’s an important thing to practice. Going to get tested with a partner is a great way to open up the conversation about STIs while also staying informed about your own status. Doing it together can foster trust, vulnerability, and confidence — three things that also lend themselves to great sex!

與伴侶談論性病雖然不是一件容易或舒服的事，但這麼做卻很重要。與伴侶一同接受檢查是一個幫助打開有關性病對話以及了解自己情況的好辦法。這麼做有助於培養信任、共享脆弱、創造自信，同時藉由這三件事，能獲得更棒的性生活。

Knowing your status and your partners’ STI status will also provide important guidance around the sexual protection barriers, medications, or combination of both that will keep everyone safest.

了解你的情況和你的伴侶的性病情況也能提供和性防護措施、藥物或兩者相關的重要指示，讓每個人都能維持在最安全的狀態。

Testing positive

檢查呈陽性反應

It can be hard to talk about testing positive for an STI. It’s important, however, to remember that contracting an STI is much more common than people might think. The shame and embarrassment many feel around testing positive stem from the fact that there’s not enough openness and conversation about how common it is.

和人說你檢查出性病不是一件容易的事。但是，要記住，感染性病的可能比大家所想的還要普遍得多。造成許多人會為感染性病感到羞恥和尷尬的原因，其實是源於對性病普遍性的了解不夠開放和也不常談及。

When someone tests positive, it becomes their responsibility to share this status with past partners who may have been exposed and current partners who could be exposed. That said, the person sharing the news shouldn’t be made to feel badly about their status. For many who have had an STI in the past, they took medication, no longer have it, and therefore can’t transmit it.

當某人的檢查結果呈現陽性反應時，他們有責任將這個狀況分享給可能已暴露在危險下的前任伴侶和可能有暴露危險的現任伴侶知道。即使如此，說出這件事的人不需要對這個狀況感到丟臉。對於許多過去患有性病的人來說，在他們服用了藥物，感染消失後，也就不會再將性病傳播出去了。

For others, they might have an STI with chronic symptoms they need to manage in an ongoing way. Open, honest, nonjudgmental communication will lead to better sex. Plus, there are tons of ways to stay safe even if someone has an existing STI.

對其他人來說，他們所患有的性病可能有需要持續控管的慢性症狀。開放、誠實且不去批判的溝通談話才能有更好的性愛。此外，即使目前患有性病，仍然有許多方法可以保持安全。

WAYS TO TALK ABOUT EXISTING STIS

談論目前患有性病的方式

For current partners:

與現任伴侶：

• “Honesty and communication are important to me, so I wanted to let you know I recently got tested for STIs and it came back positive for ______. I’m getting treated and will update you if anything about my status changes.”

「誠實和溝通對我都很重要，所以我想讓你知道我最近接受了性病檢查，然後發現我有______。我正在接受治療，若病情有任何的變化，我會再和你說。」

• “Do you think we can check in about STI status? I have something that’s important to share. It’s not necessarily a big deal, but I just want to make sure we’re staying safe and responsible.”

「你想我們可以去檢查一下性病嗎？我有一些重要的事情要和你分享。可能不是什麼大事，我只是想確保我們都能保持安全和負責。」

For past partners:

與前任伴侶：

• “Do you have a minute to chat? I want to talk about my recent STI test, because the results may impact you.”

「你有時間聊一下嗎？我想談談我最近的性病檢查，因為結果可能會影響到你。」

• “I wanted to do the responsible thing and reach out to let you know about my STI status. I recently found out I’m positive for _______, and wanted to let you know. Given our sexual history, there may be a chance you were exposed. I want to do everything I can to keep my past and current partners safe and healthy.”

「我想做負責任的事並來告訴你有關我性病的情況。我想讓你知道一下，最近我發現我的_______檢查結果呈現陽性反應。因為我們有過性行為，有可能你已經暴露在這個疾病的感染之下。我想盡一切努力讓我前任和現任的伴侶都能保持安全和健康。」

Each person deserves access to information and services that affirm and support their sexual and gender identity while also caring for their overall sexual health. The right educational tools for the community and training for medical providers and mental health professionals can ensure LGBTQIA communities are better equipped to understand how to protect themselves and how to practice safer sex.

每個人都應該要能取得相關的資訊和服務，來肯定和支持他們的性取向認同和性別認同，以及關懷他們的整體性健康。取得適合群體的教育工具以及訓練相關醫療照護人員和心理健康專業人員，可以讓LGBTQIA群體更好地了解如何保護自己以及如何進行更安全的性行為。

Practicing safer sex and protecting yourself won’t only increase the chances you and your sex partners stay STI-free. It’s also a tangible way to practice self-care and self-love.

進行更安全的性行為並保護自己不僅會增加你和性伴侶免於感染性病的機會。這也是一個實踐自我照顧和自愛的好辦法。