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A brain injury usually happens out of nowhere, in an instant. You or your family have to learn a great deal fast. Here is information on common tests and procedures that may be needed for someone who has sustained a TBI.

腦損傷通常是瞬間突然發生的。你或你的家人得快速的學習很多東西。以下的資訊是有關遭受到創傷性腦損傷的患者可能會需要的常見檢查和手術。

Blood Flow/Doppler

血流/都卜勒

An ultrasound test used to detect clots (deep venous thrombosis) in blood vessels of the legs. Safe and painless.

用於檢測腿部血管中凝塊（深靜脈血栓形成）的超音波檢查。安全、無痛。

Bone scan

骨骼掃描

A test to find heterotopic ossification (excess bone growth); involves injection of medicine followed by images obtained by a special camera. Radiation exposure is the same as a spinal x-ray.

異位性骨化症（骨骼過度生長）檢查：包括注射藥物後，再經由特殊攝影儀器取得成像。輻射暴露的程度與照射脊椎X光相同。

CT scan

電腦斷層掃描

A special computerized x-ray that provides images of the brain and is sometimes used to look for suspected hydrocephalus.

一種可提供大腦成像的特殊電腦式X光攝影，有時會用於查看是否有水腦症。

EEG (electroencephalogram)

腦電圖

Records the electrical activity of the brain. It is safe and painless, but does require the use of a medical adhesive that may cause discomfort when removed from the hair.

記錄大腦的電活動。雖然安全、無痛，但仍須用到醫用黏膠，所以從頭髮上取下來時，可能會感到不適。

EMG/NCV (electromyogram and nerve conduction studies)

肌電圖/神經傳導

Records the electrical activity of muscles and nerves. It is used to evaluate peripheral nerve function and signals, can diagnose nerve injuries, and predict nerve recovery.

記錄肌肉和神經的電活動。用來評估周圍神經的功能和訊號，可以診斷神經損傷以及預測神經修復。

Evoked potential

誘發電位

Assesses the ability of nerves to send information from the body to the brain and is used to measure visual, hearing and sensory function, most often in minimally responsive patients unable to have a regular physical exam.

評估神經從身體向大腦發送訊息的能力，以及用來測量視覺、聽覺和感覺的功能。通常用於無法進行一般體檢的最小反應狀態患者。

Gastric tube insertion

插胃管

Provides nutrition and fluids through a tube, either surgically inserted in the stomach or inserted into the nose and throat and then down into the stomach.

通過管子提供營養和液體，可以是經由手術插入胃裡或是先插入鼻腔和喉嚨，再進入胃裡。

MRI scan

核磁共振成像

Provides detailed images of the brain using magnetic energy rather than radiation which is used in regular x-rays.

使用磁能而非一般用於X光照射的放射線來提供大腦詳細的成像。

Nerve block/botulinum toxin injections

神經阻斷術/肉毒桿菌毒素注射

Used to treat spasticity by blocking nerve-to-muscle pathway and allowing the muscle to relax. Injections can be mildly uncomfortable.

用於治療痙攣：藉由阻斷神經到肌肉的路徑來讓肌肉放鬆。注射過後可能會稍微感到不適。

Shunt (ventriculoperitoneal)

分流術（腦室腹腔）

A surgical procedure that places a drain from ventricles of brain into abdomen to remove excess fluid in hydrocephalus. Patients are watched closely for signs of infection.

一種外科手術。從大腦的腦室引流到腹部來去除水腦症中多餘的液體。須密切觀察患者是否有感染的跡象。

Video swallow assessment

吞嚥影像評估

X-ray measures swallowing ability. A physician and speech pathologist monitor swallowing of different substances to ensure that food is not aspirated (goes into the lungs rather than the stomach).

用X光來測量吞嚥的能力。醫生和語言治療師會監測不同物質的吞嚥，來確保食物不會被吸入（進到肺部而不是到胃裡）。

X-rays

X光

Internal images to view fractures in bones and look at lungs for possible pneumonia. Painless, but involves a small amount of radiation.

體內成像，用來查看骨骼中的斷裂以及用來查看肺炎的可能。雖然不會痛，但卻會有少量的輻射。

Intrathecal baclofen trial

脊髓內輸注幫浦療法

Surgical procedure (done by a neurosurgeon and therapist) delivers medication into the spaces around the spinal cord; sometimes used to treat spasticity.

（由神經外科醫生和治療師）將藥物送往脊髓周圍空間的外科手術；有時會用於治療痙攣。

This content is for informational purposes only. It does not replace the advice of a physician or other health care professional. Reliance on this site's content is solely at your own risk.

本內容僅供參考。無法取代醫生或其他醫療保健專業人員的建議。須由您自行承擔依賴本網站內容之風險。