Signs and Symptoms of Ministroke (TIA) (1)

小中風的徵兆與症狀(一)[1]

What is a ministroke or TIA?

小中風是什麼?

A ministroke is also known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA). It occurs when part of the brain experiences a temporary lack of blood flow. This causes stroke-like symptoms that resolve within 24 hours.

小中風也稱為短暫性腦缺血發作。當腦部出現暫時血流不足的情形時,就會發生小中風並產生類似中風的症狀,不過這些症狀會在24小時內消失。

Unlike a stroke, a ministroke on its own doesn’t cause permanent disabilities. Since ministroke symptoms and stroke symptoms are nearly identical, you should seek immediate emergency attention if you experience any symptoms.

與中風不同的是,小中風本身並不會造成永久性殘疾。不過因為小中風和中風的症狀幾乎相同,若有出現任何症狀,最好立即送醫接受緊急治療。

Knowing the signs of a ministroke can help you get the treatment you need as early as possible. Around 1 in 3 people who experience a ministroke later experience a stroke, so early treatment is essential.

了解小中風的徵兆有助於儘早取得必要的治療。大約每三人之中就有一人會在小中風後中風,因此及早治療相當重要。

What are the symptoms of a ministroke?

症狀有哪些?

A ministroke can be difficult to identify, but a few symptoms may indicate that you’ve had one. The symptoms may be fleeting.

雖然不好去辨別,不過還是可以從一些症狀中看出自己是否有過小中風。這些症狀往往來的快去得也快。

The most common symptoms of a ministroke are:

最常見的症狀有:

  • dysphasia, a language disorder
  • 失語症,一種語言障礙
  • dysarthria, or physical difficulty when speaking
  • 構音障礙或說話時產生生理上的困難
  • vision changes      
  • 視力改變
  • confusion
  • 容易感到困惑不理解
  • balance issues
  • 平衡感發生問題
  • tingling
  • 身體感到刺痛
  • an altered level of consciousness
  • 意識混亂
  • dizziness
  • 頭暈
  • passing out
  • 昏倒
  • severe headache
  • 嚴重的頭痛
  • an abnormal sense of taste
  • 味覺異常
  • an abnormal sense of smell
  • 嗅覺異常
  • weakness or numbness on just the right or left side of the face or body, determined by the location of the blood clot in the brain
  • 身體或臉部的一側感到無力或發麻(這要看血塊是位於大腦中的哪個部位)

 

Call your local emergency services or go to the emergency room (ER) if you’re having any of these symptoms.

若有以上任何症狀,請立即送醫。

Dysphasia

失語症

People with a ministroke may temporarily find themselves unable to speak. After a ministroke, people may tell their doctor that they had difficulty recalling words during the event. Other speech problems may include trouble saying a word or trouble understanding words.

發生小中風的時候,患者可能會暫時說不出話來,而在發作過後,他們可能會和醫生說,在發作的當下他們很難回想起某些字。其他語言溝通方面的問題還可能包括難以說出某個字或是難以理解別人的話。

This condition is known as dysphasia. In fact, dysphasia is sometimes the only symptom of a ministroke.

這種情形稱為失語症。事實上,失語症有時候可能是小中風發作時唯一的症狀。

Trouble speaking indicates that the blockage or blood clot that caused the ministroke occurred in the dominant brain hemisphere.

會出現語言障礙表示導致小中風的栓塞或血塊正堵在大腦的優勢半球上。

Temporary blindness in one eye

單眼暫時性失明

Sometimes a ministroke manifests as a particular visual disturbance known as amaurosis fugax. Amaurosis fugax is also known as transient monocular blindness (TMB).

有時候小中風也會以黑曚症(一種特殊的視覺障礙)的形式出現。黑曚症也被稱為暫時性單眼失明症。

In amaurosis fugax, a person’s vision in one eye becomes suddenly dimmed or obscured. The world turns gray or objects look blurry. This may last for seconds or minutes. Exposure to bright light can aggravate amaurosis fugax. You may not be able to read words on white pages.

患有黑曚症的人,其單眼的視野會突然變暗或模糊。眼前的世界變得灰暗不明或是物體看起來模糊不清。這種情況可能持續數秒或數分鐘。若是暴露在強光底下更會加重黑朦症的情形,甚至讓人無法閱讀白紙上的文字。

What are the causes of a ministroke?

小中風的成因有哪些?

Blood clots are the leading cause of ministrokes. Other common causes of this condition include:

小中風的主因是血塊。其他常見的原因包括:

  • hypertension, or high blood pressure   

高血壓

  • atherosclerosis, or narrowed arteries caused by plaque buildup, in or around the brain

動脈粥樣硬化或是由大腦中或周圍的斑塊沉積而引起的動脈狹窄

  • carotid artery disease, which occurs when the internal or external carotid artery of the brain is blocked (usually caused by atherosclerosis)

頸動脈疾病,造成這個疾病的原因是因為大腦內部或外部的頸動脈被塞住(通常由動脈粥樣硬化引起)

  • diabetes

糖尿病

  • high cholesterol

高膽固醇

How long does a ministroke last?

持續的時間有多長?

The symptoms of a ministroke can last as briefly as one minute. By definition, ministrokes last for fewer than 24 hours.

小中風最短持續一分鐘。就定義上來說,它持續的時間低於24小時。

Often, the symptoms are gone by the time you get to a doctor. Your symptoms may not be present while a doctor evaluates you, so you have to describe the event after your symptoms have disappeared.

通常患者在被送達醫院時,這些症狀就已經消失了。也因為這些症狀當下可能不會出現,所以患者必須向醫生描述發作時的狀況。

Duration aside, symptoms of a ministroke are the same as symptoms of an ischemic stroke. An ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke.

除了持續時間之外,小中風的症狀與缺血性腦中風的症狀相同。缺血性腦中風是中風最常見的類型。

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