Signs and Symptoms of Ministroke (TIA) (2)
小中風的徵兆與症狀(二)[1]
What should you do if someone’s having a stroke?
有人中風時該怎麼辦？
Symptoms that come on suddenly and without warning could signify a stroke. “FAST” is an abbreviation to help you recognize some common stroke symptoms.
在沒有預警的情況之下，突然出現以下症狀可能就是中風。「FAST」這個黃金口訣能幫你識別一些常見的中風症狀。
Call 911 or your local emergency services if you or someone around you has any of these symptoms.
若自己或周圍的人出現以上任何的症狀，請撥打119或其他緊急救難電話送醫。
What are the risk factors for ministroke and stroke?
小中風和中風的危險因子有哪些？
High blood pressure is a major risk factor. It can damage the inner walls of the arteries, resulting in atherosclerosis. This plaque buildup can rupture and lead to blood clots in these arteries. These abnormalities can lead to a ministroke and stroke.
最主要的危險因子是高血壓。高血壓會損害動脈的內壁，導致動脈粥樣硬化。這種淤積的斑塊可能會破裂並在動脈中產生血塊。而這些異常的情形將會造成小中風和中風。
If you’ve received a high blood pressure diagnosis from your doctor, it’s important to keep track of your blood pressure on a routine basis. You should invest in a home blood pressure monitor to check your blood pressure.
若你被醫生診斷出有高血壓，就得定期追蹤血壓值。建議你可以買一個家用血壓計來檢測血壓是否穩定。
Sometimes people have what’s called white coat syndrome. This means that your blood pressure can be higher than usual in your doctor’s office due to anxiety about having your blood pressure checked.
有時候可能會患有所謂的白袍高血壓。這是指當患者對測量血壓這件事感到焦慮的時候，在醫療院所測量到的血壓值就會高於一般正常情況下測量的血壓值。
Keeping track of your blood pressure at home can give your doctor a more accurate assessment of your typical blood pressure. This information helps them adjust your blood pressure medications more effectively.
在家追蹤測量的血壓值可以讓醫生更加準確地評估患者的常態血壓值。這些資訊能幫醫生更有效地調整患者的血壓用藥。
If you have an at-home machine, you should check your blood pressure immediately if you experience any of the following:
若家中有血壓測量器，在遇到下列任何一種情況時，都應該立即檢測血壓：
If you don’t have a way to check your blood pressure at home, you should call your doctor immediately or go to a local urgent care center or ER.
若在家中無法檢測血壓的話，應立即送醫。
Other risk factors
其他危險因子
Other risk factors for ministroke and stroke include:
小中風和中風的其他危險因子包括：
- high cholesterol
- 高膽固醇
- diabetes
- 糖尿病
- smoking
- 抽煙
- obesity
- 肥胖
- atrial fibrillation
- 心房震顫
According to a 2014 study:
根據一項2014年的研究：
- men are more likely than women to experience ministroke
- 男性比女性更可能小中風
- older people are also more at risk than younger people
- 老年人也比年輕人有更高的危險
- ministrokes are reported most frequently on Mondays
- 據回報，小中風最常發生在星期一
How is a ministroke diagnosed?
如何診斷的呢？
A ministroke doesn’t lead to permanent brain damage, but you still need an urgent medical examination if you have symptoms of a ministroke.
雖然小中風不會導致永久性腦損傷，但是若有出現症狀的話，仍然需要立即接受醫療檢驗。
That’s because the symptoms are identical to the symptoms of a stroke. It isn’t possible for you to tell whether they’re related to a ministroke or a stroke. The distinction requires a medical evaluation.
因為小中風的症狀與中風的症狀相同。一般人不可能有辦法分辨得出它們到底是小中風還是中風，此種區別需要經由醫學評估才能得知。
Unlike ministroke symptoms, stroke symptoms are permanent and do result in permanent damage to brain tissue. However, stroke symptoms may improve with time. Having a ministroke puts you at risk of a stroke, because ministrokes and strokes have the same causes.
與小中風不同的是，中風的症狀是永久性的，更會對腦組織造成永久性損害。不過，中風的症狀可能會隨著時間而改善。有過一次小中風會使發生中風的風險增高，因為這兩者有著相同的成因。
The only way to tell the difference between a ministroke and a stroke is by having a doctor look at an image of your brain with either a CT scan or an MRI scan.
區分小中風和中風的唯一方法就是藉由電腦斷層掃描或是核磁共振的方式讓醫生檢查患者大腦的成像。
If you’ve had a stroke, it’s likely that it won’t show up on a CT scan of your brain for 24 to 48 hours. An MRI scan usually shows a stroke sooner.
若是中風的話，那在24小時到48小時之內，它可能不會在電腦斷層掃描上顯示出來。而核磁共振通常能更快速地顯示出中風的情況。
In evaluating the cause of the ministroke or stroke, your doctor will likely order an ultrasound to see if there’s significant blockage or plaque in your carotid arteries. You’ll also need an echocardiogram to look for blood clots in your heart.
在評估小中風或中風的原因時，醫生可能還會要求用超音波檢查頸動脈是否有明顯的阻塞或斑塊。患者也需要作心臟超音波檢查，看心臟是否有血塊的存在。
Your doctor may also take an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) and chest X-ray.
How are ministrokes treated?
如何治療的呢？
Several treatment options are available. Ministrokes don’t cause lasting brain tissue damage or disabilities, but they can be an early warning sign of a stroke. Treatment for ministrokes focuses on starting or adjusting medications that improve blood flow to the brain.
有許多種治療方法可供選擇。小中風不會導致長久的腦組織損傷或殘疾，但它們可是中風的早期警訊。治療小中風的方法主要是開始服用或是調整能夠改善大腦血流量的藥物。
It also requires identifying abnormalities that your doctor can fix to reduce your risk of future ministrokes or strokes.
治療小中風還需要能夠辨別出異常的情況，好讓醫生立即處理，降低未來小中風或中風發生的風險。
Treatment options include drugs, medical procedures, and lifestyle changes.
治療方法包括藥物、手術和生活方式的改變。
Antiplatelet drugs
抗血小板劑
Antiplatelet drugs make your platelets less likely to stick together to prevent blood clots.
抗血小板劑能夠降低血小板彼此附著的能力，進而防止血塊的產生。
Anticoagulants
抗凝血劑
These medications prevent blood clots by targeting proteins that cause clotting, rather than targeting the platelets.
這些藥物是針對幫助血液凝固的蛋白質來防止血塊的產生，而不是針對血小板。
If you’re taking warfarin, you’ll need close monitoring with blood tests to make sure you have the correct dosage. Drugs such as rivaroxaban and apixaban don’t require monitoring.
若服用的抗凝血劑是warfarin，就需要密切地監測血液的變化，以確保攝入的劑量正確。若是服用rivaroxaban和apixaban 等藥物則不需要監測。
Minimally invasive carotid intervention
頸動脈狹窄微創治療
This is a surgical procedure that involves accessing the carotid arteries with a catheter.
這是一種在頸動脈置入導管的外科手術。
The catheter is inserted through the femoral artery in your groin. The doctor uses a balloonlike device to open up clogged arteries. They’ll place a stent or small wire tube inside the artery at the point of narrowing to improve blood flow to the brain.
將導管從鼠蹊部的股動脈插入。醫生會使用類似氣球的裝置打開堵塞的動脈並在動脈狹窄的地方放置一個支架或小插管，來改善流向大腦的血流量。
Surgery
手術
You may need surgery to prevent future strokes. If you have a severe narrowing of the carotid artery in your neck and aren’t a candidate for a carotid angioplasty and stenting, your doctor may recommend a surgery called a carotid endarterectomy.
有些患者可能需要開刀才能防止未來中風的可能。如果脖子的頸動脈嚴重狹窄且患者無法進行頸動脈支架血管成形術的話，醫生可能會推薦一種叫做頸動脈內膜切除術的手術。
In the procedure, your doctor clears the carotid arteries of fatty deposits and plaques. This can reduce the risk of another ministroke or a stroke.
開刀時，醫生會清除頸動脈中的脂肪沉積物和斑塊。這樣可以降低再次小中風或發生中風的可能。
Lifestyle changes
改變生活方式
Lifestyle changes may be necessary to reduce your risk of future ministrokes or strokes. Medications and other medical interventions may not be enough.
由於藥物和其他醫療干預措施可能有所不足，所以必要時，患者也需要藉由改變生活方式來降低未來小中風或中風發生的可能。
These lifestyle changes include:
改變生活方式包括：
- exercising
- 運動
- losing weight
- 減肥
- eating more fruits and vegetables
- 多吃蔬菜水果
- reducing your intake of fried or sugary foods
- 減少油炸或含糖食物的攝取
- getting enough sleep
- 睡眠充足
- reducing stress
- 降低壓力
- improving your control of other medical conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol
- 改善對其他疾病的控制，包括糖尿病、高血壓和高膽固醇
How can you prevent a ministroke?
要如何預防呢？
Ministrokes and other types of strokes are sometimes unavoidable, but you can take precautions to help prevent ministrokes.
雖然小中風和其他類型的中風有時難以避免，但是仍然可以採取一些預防措施來防止小中風的發生。
Follow these ministroke and stroke prevention tips:
遵循以下小中風和中風的預防方法：
- Don’t smoke.
- 不要抽煙。
- Avoid secondhand smoke.
- 避免吸入二手煙。
- Eat a balanced diet with more fruits and vegetables.
- 均衡飲食，多吃蔬菜水果。
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- 保持健康的體重。
- Exercise regularly.
- 規律運動。
- Limit your alcohol intake.
- 限制酒精的攝取。
- Don’t use illicit drugs.
- 不要使用非法藥物。
- Control your diabetes.
- 控制糖尿病。
- Limit your cholesterol and fat intake, especially saturated and trans fats.
- 限制膽固醇和脂肪的攝取，特別是飽和脂肪和反式脂肪。
- Make sure your blood pressure is under good control.
- 確保血壓得到良好的控制。
- Reduce stress.
- 降低壓力。
留言列表
科技 (2)
{{ article.title }}
