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Source(資料來源): https://www.healthline.com/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases

Gonorrhea

淋病

Gonorrhea is another common bacterial STD. It’s also known as “the clap.”

淋病是另一種常見的細菌感染性病。它也被稱為「the clap[1]」。

Many people with gonorrhea develop no symptoms. But when present, symptoms may include:

許多淋病患者並不會出現任何症狀。但當症狀出現時，可能包括：

• a white, yellow, beige, or green-colored discharge from the penis or vagina

從陰莖或陰道出現白色、黃色，米色或綠色的分泌物

• pain or discomfort during sex or urination

在性交或排尿時感到疼痛或不適

• more frequent urination than usual

排尿次數比平常還要多

• itching around the genitals

生殖器周圍感到搔癢

• sore throat

咽喉炎

If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to:

若不及早治療，淋病會導致：

• infections of the urethra, prostate gland, or testicles

尿道、前列腺或睪丸的感染

• pelvic inflammatory disease

骨盆腔炎症

• infertility

不孕症

It’s possible for a mother to pass gonorrhea onto a newborn during childbirth. When that happens, gonorrhea can cause serious health problems in the baby. That’s why many doctors encourage pregnant women to get tested and treated for potential STDs.

在分娩時母親可能會將淋病傳染給新生兒。若發生這種情形時，淋病會導致嬰兒出現嚴重的健康問題。這就是為什麼許多醫生都會鼓勵孕婦接受檢測與治療潛在的性病。

Gonorrhea can usually be treated with antibiotics.

通常可以使用抗生素治療淋病。

Pubic lice (‘crabs’)

陰蝨（蟹蝨）

 “Crabs” is another name for pubic lice. They’re tiny insects that can take up residence on your pubic hair. Like head lice and body lice, they feed on human blood.

「蟹蝨」是陰蝨的另一個名字。它們是會寄宿在陰毛上的小蟲子。如同頭蝨和體蝨一般，它們以人體血液為食。

Common symptoms of pubic lice include:

陰蝨的常見症狀包括：

• itching around the genitals or anus

在生殖器或肛門周圍感到搔癢

• small pink or red bumps around the genitals or anus

生殖器或肛門周圍出現小塊粉色或紅色的腫塊

• low-grade fever    輕度發燒
• lack of energy 缺乏活力
• irritability       易怒

You might also be able to see the lice or their tiny white eggs around the roots of pubic hair. A magnifying glass can help you spot them.

你也可能會在陰毛根部周圍看到蝨子或它們的小白卵。可以使用放大鏡幫你看到它們。

If left untreated, pubic lice can spread to other people through skin-to-skin contact or shared clothing, bedding, or towels. Scratched bites can also become infected. It’s best to treat pubic lice infestations immediately.

若不及早治療，陰蝨會藉由皮膚接觸或共用衣物、被褥或毛巾傳給其他人。抓破的咬傷也會被感染。所以最好是在有陰蝨感染時就立即治療。

If you have pubic lice, you can use over-the-counter topical treatments and tweezers to remove them from your body. It’s also important to clean your clothes, bedding, towels, and home. 

若你感染陰蝨，可以使用非處方外用治療和鑷子將它們從身上去除。此外，清潔衣物、被褥、毛巾和家中也很重要。

Trichomoniasis

滴蟲病

Trichomoniasis is also known as “trich.” It’s caused by a tiny protozoan organism that can be passed from one person to another through genital contact.

滴蟲病也被稱為「滴蟲」。它是由一種小型的原蟲所造成，可以藉由生殖器的接觸從一個人傳遞到另一個人身上。

According to the CDC, less than one-third of people with trich develop symptoms. When symptoms do develop, they may include:

據CDC所稱，只有不到三分之一的滴蟲病患者會出現症狀。當症狀確實出現時，可能包括：

• discharge from the vagina or penis

陰道或陰莖出現分泌物

• burning or itching around the vagina or penis

陰道或陰莖周圍有灼熱或瘙癢的感覺

• pain or discomfort during urination or sex

在排尿或性交時感到疼痛或不適

• frequent urination頻尿症

In women, trich-related discharge often has an unpleasant or “fishy” smell.

在女性的情況中，與滴蟲病相關的分泌物通常會伴隨一股異味或「腥」味。

If left untreated, trich can lead to:

若不及早治療，滴蟲病會導致：

• infections of the urethra

尿道的感染

• pelvic inflammatory disease

骨盆腔炎症

• infertility

不孕症

Trich can be treated with antibiotics.

可以用抗生素治療滴蟲病。

Herpes

疱疹

Herpes is the shortened name for the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two main strains of the virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2. Both can be transmitted sexually. It’s a very common STD. The CDC estimates more than 1 out of 6 people ages 14 to 49 have herpes in the United States.

疱疹(皰疹)是單純疱疹病毒（HSV）的縮寫。主要有兩種病毒株:HSV-1和HSV-2。兩者都可以通過性來傳播。這是一種非常常見的性病。CDC估計在美國，從14歲到49歲的人之中，每六個人就有超過一個人患有疱疹。

HSV-1 primarily causes oral herpes, which is responsible for cold sores. However, HSV-1 can also be passed from one person’s mouth to another person’s genitals during oral sex. When this happens, HSV-1 can cause genital herpes.

HSV-1大多引起唇疱疹，它也是產生感冒瘡的原因。但是，在口交的時候，HSV-1也會從一個人的口腔傳到另一個人的生殖器上。當發生這種情形時，HSV-1就會引起生殖器疱疹。

HSV-2 primarily causes genital herpes.

HSV-2大多引起生殖器疱疹。

The most common symptom of herpes is blistery sores. In the case of genital herpes, these sores develop on or around the genitals. In oral herpes, they develop on or around the mouth.

疱疹最常見的症狀是水皰。在生殖器疱疹的情況中，這些潰瘍會出現在生殖器上或周圍。若是口腔疱疹的話，則會出現在口腔上或周圍。

Herpes sores generally crust over and heal within a few weeks. The first outbreak is usually the most painful. Outbreaks typically become less painful and frequent over time.

疱疹潰瘍通常會在幾週內結痂並癒合。第一次爆發通常是最痛苦的。隨著時間的推移，通常會變得不那麼痛苦和頻繁。

If a pregnant woman has herpes, she can potentially pass it to her fetus in the womb or to her newborn infant during childbirth. This so-called congenital herpes can be very dangerous to newborns. That’s why it’s beneficial for pregnant women to become aware of their HSV status.

若孕婦患有疱疹，她可能會將其傳給子宮內的胎兒或在分娩時傳給新生兒。這就是所謂的先天性疱疹，這對新生兒來說非常危險。這就是為什麼孕婦需要了解自身的HSV感染狀況。

There’s no cure for herpes yet. But medications are available to help control outbreaks and alleviate the pain of herpes sores. The same medications can also lower your chances of passing herpes to your sexual partner.

目前仍沒有辦法治療疱疹。但是可以使用藥物來幫助控制爆發並減輕疱疹的疼痛。相同的藥物也可以用來降低你將疱疹傳染給性伴侶的可能。

Effective treatment and safe sexual practices can help you lead a comfortable life with herpes and protect others from the virus.

有效的治療和安全的性行為可以幫助你即使帶有疱疹，也能過上舒適的生活，並保護他人免受病毒侵害。

Other STDs

其他性病

Other, less common STDs include:

其他不太常見的性病包括：

• chancroid   軟性下疳
• lymphogranuloma venereum  性病淋巴肉芽腫(LGV)
• granuloma inguinale    腹股溝肉芽腫
• molluscum contagiosum  傳染性軟疣
• scabies    疥瘡

STDs from oral sex

經由口交所產生的性病

Vaginal and anal sex aren’t the only way STDs are transmitted. It’s also possible to contract or transmit an STD through oral sex. In other words, STDs can be passed from one person’s genitals to another person’s mouth or throat and vice versa.

陰道性交和肛交不是性病傳播的唯一途徑。性病也可以藉由口交來傳染或傳播。換句話說，性病可以從一個人的生殖器傳到另一個人的口腔或喉嚨，反之亦然。

Oral STDs aren’t always noticeable. When they do cause symptoms, they often include a sore throat or sores around the mouth or throat.

口腔性病並非總是會出現明顯症狀。當確實出現症狀時，通常會包括喉嚨炎或口腔或喉嚨周圍出現潰瘍。

Curable STDs

可治療的性病

Many STDs are curable. For example, the following STDs can be cured with antibiotics or other treatments:

許多性病都是可以治療的。例如，以下的性病可以用抗生素或其他治療方法治愈：

• chlamydia      披衣菌
• syphilis          梅毒
• gonorrhea       淋病
• crabs              陰蝨
• trichomoniasis     滴蟲

Others can’t be cured. For example, the following STDs are currently incurable:

其他的性病則無法治療。例如，目前無法治療以下的性病：

• HPV人類乳突病毒
• HIV 愛滋病毒
• herpes疱疹

Even if an STD can’t be cured, however, it can still be managed. It’s still important to get an early diagnosis. Treatment options are often available to help alleviate symptoms and lower your chances of transmitting the STD to someone else.

但是，即使無法治療性病，仍然可以進行控管。而取得早期診斷仍然很重要。治療方案通常有助於緩解症狀並降低將性病傳給其他人的可能。