Source(資料來源): http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/CS/CSCreation&Emergence.html
This story is condensed from five very detailed stories told by the Jicarilla Apaches. The Jicarilla are one of six tribes of the Apaches of the southwestern U.S., and they have a voluminous folklore. These stories were compiled and translated by Morris Opler in the 1930's. In addition to telling the story of the creation and emergence and explaining the world, the stories reflect the Jicarilla disregard for the shamans found in some other Native American religions, and they reflect the sacredness of fours in every thing and every behavior.
這是一個從吉卡里拉阿帕契人所講述的五個非常詳細的故事中所濃縮而來的故事。吉卡里拉屬於美國西南部阿帕契族六個部落之一，他們流傳著大量的民間故事。這些故事在1930年代由Morris Opler所編纂和翻譯。除了講述創世與起源的故事以及解釋世界之外，這些故事反映了吉卡里拉無視一些其他美洲原住民宗教中的巫師，而它們也反映出在每件事和每種行為上對「四」感到神聖。
The Creation and the Emergence
創世與起源
In the beginning there was nothing - no earth, no living beings. There were only darkness, water, and Cyclone, the wind. There were no humans, but only the Hactcin, the Jicarilla supernatural beings. The Hactcin made the earth, the underworld beneath it, and the sky above it. The earth they made as a woman who faces upward, and the sky they made as a man who faces downward. The Hactcin lived in the underworld, where there was no light. There were mountains and plants in the underworld, and each had its own Hactcin. There were as yet no animals or humans, and everything in the underworld existed in a dream-like state and was spiritual and holy.
起初，一切皆無；沒有大地、沒有生物。只有黑暗、水和氣旋，就是風。沒有人類，只有海克森，一種吉卡里拉的超自然生物。海克森創造了大地、其下的地下世界和其上的天空。他們創造的大地是一個面朝上的女人，而他們所創造的天空是一個面朝下的男人。海克森住在沒有光的地下世界。地下世界裡有山脈和植物，它們都有屬於自己的海克森。這裡還沒有任何動物或人類的存在，而地下世界中的一切都活在一種夢境般的狀態中，一種心靈而神聖的狀態。
The most powerful of the Hactcin in the underworld was Black Hactcin. One day Black Hactcin made the first animal with four legs and a tail made of clay. At first he thought it looked peculiar, but when he asked it to walk and saw how gracefully it walked, he decided it was good. Knowing this animal would be lonely, he made many other kinds of animals come from the body of the first. He laughed to see the diversity of the animals he had created. All the animals wanted to know what to eat and where to live, so he divided the foods among them, giving grass to the horse, sheep, and cow, and to others he gave brush, leaves, and pine needles. He sent them out to different places, some to the mountains, some to the deserts, and some to the plains, which is why the animals are found in different places today.
地下世界中最強大的海克森是黑海克森。有一天，黑海克森用黏土製作了第一隻有著四條腿和一條尾巴的動物。起初，他認為它看起來很奇怪，但是當他要求它走動，並看到它走得有多優雅時，他覺得它很好。因為知道這隻動物會感到寂寞，他製造出許多其他和第一種有相同構造的動物。他笑看著這些他所創造出的多樣性動物。因為所有的動物都想知道該吃什麼和該住在哪裡，所以他就幫牠們把食物分好，把草給馬、羊和牛，把灌木叢、葉子和松葉給其他的動物。他把牠們送到不同的地方，一些送到山上、一些送到沙漠，而一些則送到平原，這就是為什麼現今會在不同的地方發現這些動物。
Next Black Hactcin held out his hand and caught a drop of rain. He mixed this with some earth to make mud and made a bird from the mud. At first he wasn't sure he would like what he had made. He asked the bird to fly, and when it did he liked it. He decided the bird too would be lonely, so he grabbed it and whirled it rapidly clockwise. As the bird became dizzy, it saw images of other birds, and when Black Hactcin stopped whirling it, there were indeed many new kinds of birds, all of which live in the air because they were made from a drop of water that came from the air. Black Hactcin sent the birds out to find places they liked to live, and when they returned he gave each the place that they liked. To feed them, he threw seeds all over the ground. To tease them, however, he turned the seeds into insects, and he watched as they chased after the insects. At a river nearby, he told the birds to drink. Again, however, he couldn't resist teasing them, so he took some moss and made fish, frogs, and the other things that live in water. This frightened the birds as they came to drink, and it is why birds so often hop back in fright as they come down to drink. As some of the birds took off, their feathers fell in the water, and from them came the ducks and other birds that live in the water.
接著，黑海克森伸出手來抓住了一滴雨。他把這滴雨和一些土混合在一起製成了泥，再用泥製成了一隻鳥。起初，他不確定他是否會喜歡他做出來的東西。他讓那隻鳥飛了起來，當它飛起來時，他感到喜歡。他覺得這隻鳥也會感到孤獨，所以他抓住它並順時針地旋轉它。當這隻鳥被轉的頭暈時，它看到了其他鳥的樣子，當黑海克森停止旋轉它時，確實出現了許多新品種的鳥，這些鳥都生活在空中，因為它們是由一滴來自空中的水所製成的。黑海克森將小鳥們送出去尋找牠們喜歡居住的地方，當牠們回來時，他把這些牠們喜歡的地方都給牠們。為了餵牠們，他把種子灑在地上。但是，為了逗牠們，他把種子變成昆蟲，並看著牠們追趕昆蟲。在附近的一條河邊，他叫小鳥們來喝水。但是，他再次無法抗拒的想逗牠們，所以他採了一些苔蘚，並製作出魚、青蛙和其他生活在水中的動物。這嚇到了來喝水的小鳥們，這就是為什麼小鳥經常在下來喝水時會嚇的跳起來的原因。當一些鳥飛起來時，它們的羽毛落在水中，並從這些羽毛中產生鴨子和其他生活在水上的鳥類。
Black Hactcin continued to make more animals and birds. The animals and birds that already existed all spoke the same language, and they held a council. They came to Black Hactcin and asked for a companion. They were concerned that they would be alone when Black Hactcin left them, and Black Hactcin agreed to make something to keep them company. He stood facing the east, and then the south, and then the west, and then the north. He had the animals bring him all sorts of materials from across the land, and he traced his outline on the ground. He then set the things that they brought him in the outline. The turquoise that they brought became veins, the red ochre became blood, the coral became skin, the white rock became bones, the Mexican opal became fingernails and teeth, the jet became the pupil, the abalone became the white of the eyes, and the white clay became the marrow of the bones. Pollen, iron ore, and water scum were used too, and Black Hactcin used a dark cloud to make the hair.
黑海克森繼續製造更多的動物和鳥類。已經存在的動物和鳥類都說著同一種語言，而且牠們還召開了一場理事會。牠們來找黑海克森並向他要求一位同伴。因為牠們擔心當黑海克森離開牠們時，牠們會變得孤單，所以黑海克森同意製造出一個可以陪伴牠們的東西。他站立著面向東方，然後是南方，然後是西方，然後是北方。他讓這些動物從各地為他帶來各式各樣的材料，並將他的輪廓描繪在地面上。然後他將牠們帶給他的東西放在這個輪廓上。牠們帶來的綠松石成了血管、紅赭成了血、珊瑚成了皮膚、白色岩石成了骨頭、墨西哥歐泊成了指甲和牙齒、黑玉成了瞳孔、鮑魚成了眼白、白土成了骨髓。花粉、鐵礦和浮渣也被使用了，而黑海克森用烏雲做出頭髮。
The man they had made was lying face down, and it began to rise as the birds watched with excitement. The man arose from prone, to kneeling, to sitting up, and to standing. Four times Black Hactcin told him to speak, and he did. Four times Black Hactcin told him to laugh, and he did. It was likewise with shouting. Then Black Hactcin taught him to walk, and had him run four times in a clockwise circle.
他們做出來的那個人面朝下的趴著，隨著小鳥們興奮地圍觀，他開始站起來。這個人從趴著、到跪著、到坐起來，再到站立起來。黑海克森四次叫他說話，他這麼做了。黑海克森四次叫他笑，他這麼做了，笑得就和大叫差不多。然後黑海克森教他如何走路，並讓他順時針地跑了四次。
The birds and animals were afraid the man would be lonely, and they asked Black Hactcin give him company. Black Hactcin asked them for some lice, which he put on the man's head. The man went to sleep scratching, and he dreamed that there was a woman beside him. When he awoke, she was there. They asked Black Hactcin what they would eat, and he told them that the plants and the cloven-hoofed animals would be their food. They asked where they should live. He told them to stay anywhere they liked, which is why the Jicarilla move from place to place.
小鳥和動物害怕這個人會感到寂寞，所以牠們要求黑海克森給他一個同伴。黑海克森向牠們要了一些蝨子，並把蝨子放在這個人的頭上。這個人就睡著了並抓著頭，他夢見他旁邊有一個女人。而當他醒過來的時候，她就在那裡。他們問黑海克森他們該吃什麼，他告訴他們植物和偶蹄動物將是他們的食物。他們問說他們該住在哪裡。他告訴他們可以待在任何他們喜歡的地方，這就是為什麼吉卡里拉會從一個地方搬到另一個地方的原因。
These two, Ancestral Man and Ancestral Woman, had children, and the people multiplied. In those days no one died, although they all lived in darkness. This lasted for many years. Holy Boy, another Apache spirit, was unhappy with the darkness, and he tried to make a sun. As he worked at it, Cyclone came by and told him that White Hactcin had a sun. Holy Boy went to White Hactcin, who gave him the sun, and he went to Black Hactcin, who gave him the moon. Black Hactcin told Holy Boy how to make a sacred drawing on a buckskin to hold the sun and moon, and Holy Boy, Red Boy, Black Hactcin, and White Hactcin held a ceremony at which White Hactcin released the sun and Black Hactcin released the moon. The light grew stronger as the sun moved from north to south, and eventually it was like daylight is now.
這兩個男祖先和女祖先有了孩子，然後人們就成倍的繁衍下去。在那些日子裡，沒有任何人死去，儘管他們都生活在黑暗中。這種情形持續了很多年。另一個阿帕契的精神體，聖童，對黑暗感到不滿，所以他就試著製造出太陽。在他製造太陽時，氣旋過來告訴他說白海克森有太陽。聖童就去找白海克森，他給了他太陽，然後他又去找黑海克森，他也給了他月亮。黑海克森告訴聖童如何在皮革上畫出神聖的圖以抓住太陽和月亮，而聖童、紅童、黑海克森和白海克森舉行了一場儀式，在這場儀式上，白海克森釋放出太陽，而黑海克森釋放出月亮。隨著太陽從北向南移動，光線變得越來越強，最終就像現今的日光一樣。
The people didn't know what this was, and the shamans each began to claim that they had power over the sun. On the fourth day, there was an eclipse. After the sun had disappeared, the Hactcins told the shamans to make the sun reappear. The shamans tried all kinds of tricks, but they couldn't make the sun come back. To solve the problem, White Hactcin turned to the animals and had them bring the foods they ate. With the food and some sand and water, they began to grow a mountain. The mountain grew, but it stopped short of the hole in the sky that led from the underworld to the earth. It turned out that two girls had gone up on the mountain and had trampled the sacred plants and even had defecated there. White Hactcin, Black Hactcin, Holy Boy, and Red Boy had to go up the mountain and clean it. When they came down and the people sang, and the mountain grew again. It stopped, however, just short of the hole, and when the four went up again they could only see to the other earth. They sent up Fly and Spider, who took four rays of the sun and built a rope ladder to the upper world. Spider was the first one to climb to the upper world, where the sun was bright.
人們不知道這是什麼，然後每個巫師都開始聲稱他們擁有超越太陽的能力。在第四天的時候，發生了日食。在太陽消失後，海克森們要求巫師讓太陽重新出現。巫師們試了各種的方法，但是他們都無法讓太陽回來。為了解決這個問題，白海克森找了動物並讓牠們帶來牠們所吃的食物。有了食物和一些沙子和水，這些東西開始長出一座山。這座山繼續生長，但是，在它還不及天空中的洞時，就停止生長了，這個洞是從地下世界延伸到大地上的洞。結果，有兩個女孩上了山，踩踏了神聖的植物，甚至在那裡排泄。白海克森、黑海克森、聖童和紅童不得不上山並清理它。當他們下山時，人們唱著歌，然後山再次生長。然而，當它不及洞口的時候，就停止生長了，當他們四個再次上山時，他們只能注意到另一個大地。他們派出蒼蠅和蜘蛛，這兩個拿了四縷陽光並建了一個通往上層世界的繩梯。蜘蛛第一個爬到陽光明亮的上層世界。
White Hactcin, Black Hactcin, Holy Boy, and Red Boy climbed up the ladder, and they found much water on the earth. They sent for the four winds to blow the water away, and Beaver came up to build dams to hold the water in rivers. Spider made threads to catch the sun, and they made the sun go from east to west to light the entire world, not just one side. Hactcin called for the people to climb up, and for four days they climbed the mountain. At the top they found four ladders. Ancestral Man and Ancestral Woman were the first people to climb up, and the people climbed up into the upper world that we know today. Thus the earth is our mother, and the people climbed up as from a womb. Then the animals came up, and before long the ladders were worn out. Behind the animals came an old man and an old woman, and they couldn't climb the ladders. No one could get them up, and finally the two realized they had to stay in the underworld. They agreed to stay but told the others they must come back to the underworld eventually, which is why people go to the underworld after death.
白海克森、黑海克森、聖童和紅童爬上了梯子，他們在大地上發現了許多水。他們派出了四股風將水吹走，海狸上前去修建了水壩，把河水擋住。蜘蛛製造出線來捕捉太陽，他們讓太陽從東向西照亮了整個世界，而不只是照亮一側。海克森叫人們爬上來，他們花了四天爬上山。在山頂，他們找到了四個梯子。男祖先和女祖先是第一批爬上去的人，人們爬上了現今我們所知曉的上層世界。因此，大地是我們的母親，人們如同從子宮中爬上來。然後動物們上來了，不久之後梯子就磨損了。在動物之後，來了一位老人和一位老太太，他們無法爬上梯子。沒有人能讓他們上來，最後兩個人意識到他們必須留在地下世界。雖然他們同意留下來，但是他們告訴其他人他們最後也得回到地下世界，這就是為什麼人們死後會去地下世界的原因。
Everything in the upper world is alive - the rocks, the trees, the grass, the plants, the fire, the water. Originally they all spoke the Jicarilla Apache language and spoke to the people. The Hactcin, however, decided that it was boring to have all these things speaking the same, so they gave all these things and all the animals different voices.
上層世界的一切都是活著的，岩石、樹木、草地、植物、火、水。起初，它們都說著吉卡里拉阿帕契語並和人類交談。然而，海克森覺得所有東西都說著相同的語言會很無聊，所以他們給了所有東西和所有動物不同的聲音。
Eventually the people travelled out clockwise across the land. Different groups would break off and stay behind, and their children would begin to play games in which they used odd languages. The people in these groups began to forget their old languages and use these new ones, which is why now there are many languages. Only one group kept on traveling in the clockwise spiral until they reached the center of the world, and these are the Jicarilla Apaches.
最終，人類順時針地穿越大陸。不同的群體會分開並留下來，他們的孩子會開始玩著使用奇怪語言的遊戲。這些群體中的人開始忘記他們舊有的語言並使用這些新語言，這就是為什麼現在有很多語言的原因。只有一個群體繼續旅行，順時針地旋轉，直到他們到達世界的中心，這些人就是吉卡里拉阿帕契人。
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