bubble50 DH Freelance 中翻英 英翻中

     This is a synthesis of several stories from the Cherokee, who were the native people of northern Georgia and Alabama, western North Carolina, central and eastern Tennessee, and Kentucky. The stories were told to James Mooney of the Bureau of American Ethnology in the late 1800's by older Cherokee men in western North Carolina. The principal story teller was Ayúnini ("Swimmer"), who was born in 1835 and never spoke English, although he served as sergeant in the Confederate infantry in the Civil War. He died in 1899.

     這是一個取自切羅基族幾個故事中的綜合版，切羅基族是喬治亞州和阿拉巴馬州北部、北卡羅萊納州西部、田納西州中部和東部以及肯塔基州的原住民。這個故事是在19世紀後期，由北卡羅萊納州西部的切羅基族老人告訴美國民族學局的詹姆斯穆尼。主要的故事敘述者是Ayúnini（指「游泳健將」），儘管他在美國內戰中擔任南方邦聯步兵團的中士，但他從未說過英語。他出生於1835年並於1899年去世。

The Story of Corn and Medicine[1]

玉米和醫學的故事

      The earth began as nothing but water and darkness, and all the animals were in Galúnlati, above the stone vault that makes up the sky. Eventually Galúnlati became so crowded that the animals needed more room, and they wanted to move down to earth. Not knowing what was below the water, they sent down the Water-beetle to explore. Water-beetle dove below the water and eventually came back with some mud from below. That mud grew and grew, and finally it became the island that we call earth. This island of earth is suspended at its four corners from ropes that hang down from the sky, and legend has it that some day the ropes will break and the earth will sink back into the water.

       大地最初只有水和黑暗，所有的動物都居住在加倫拉蒂之上，它是一個構成天空的石頭拱頂。最終，加倫拉蒂變得擁擠不已，動物們需要更多的空間，所以他們想搬到地球裡面。由於不知道水的下面是什麼，他們就派出龍蝨去探索。龍蝨潛入水下，最後從下面帶回一些泥。這些泥越長越大，最後變成了我們稱作大地的島嶼。這座大地之島被從天空中垂下來的繩索綁住，懸掛著它的四個角，傳說中有一天，繩索將會斷裂，使大地沉回水裡。

      Because it grew from mud, the new earth was very soft. Many of the birds flew down to explore the new land, but it was too wet for them to stay. Finally Buzzard flew down, hoping it was dry, but the earth was still wet. Buzzard searched and searched, especially in the Cherokee country, and finally he became so tired that his wings flapped against the ground. His wings dug valleys where they hit the ground and turned up mountains where they pulled away, leaving the rugged country of the Cherokee.

      由於新的大地是從泥中長出來的，所以它非常地柔軟。許多鳥飛過去探索這片新大地，但卻因為它太濕了，所以無法讓牠們停在上面。最後，鷲飛了下來，希望它能夠變乾，但是大地仍然是濕的。鷲找了又找，特別是在切羅基國尋找，最後因為非常疲憊，所以翅膀拍打著地面。結果，在他翅膀的拍打之下，地面被他挖成了一個山谷，然後被拍走的土則堆積成一座山，使得切羅基國變得崎嶇不平。

      Eventually the earth was dry and the animals moved down. There still was no light, however, and so the animals set the sun passing from east to west just over their heads. With the sun so close, many of the animals were burned, giving the red crawfish its crimson color. The animals raised the sun again and again, until it was high enough that all could survive.

      在大地終於變乾的時候，動物們搬移到它上面。但是這樣仍然沒有光，因此動物們就讓太陽由東向西，從他們的頭頂上方穿越過去。但是因為太陽靠得太近了，許多動物都被燒傷，使得紅色小螯蝦呈現赤紅色。動物們一次又一次地將太陽升起，直到它的高度夠高，可以讓所有生物都活下來。

      When the plants and animals first came to earth, they were told to stay awake for seven nights, as in the Cherokee medicine ceremony. The animals all stayed awake the first night, and many stayed awake the next few nights, but only the owl and the panther and a couple of others stayed awake all seven nights. They were given the ability to see at night and so to hunt at night when the others are asleep. The same thing happened among the trees, and only the cedar, pine, spruce, holly and laurel stayed awake all seven nights, which is why they can stay green all year when the others lose their leaves.

      當植物和動物們第一次來到大地上時，他們被告知要七個晚上保持清醒，就像切羅基的醫學儀式一樣。這些動物在第一個晚上都保持清醒，許多動物在接下來的幾個晚上也都能保持清醒，但是只有貓頭鷹、黑豹以及其他幾個動物能在七個晚上都保持清醒。他們被賦予在夜間也能看得清楚的能力，所以能在其他生物都睡著時，在夜間捕獵。樹木之間也發生了同樣的事情，但只有香柏、松樹、雲杉、冬青和月桂能在七個晚上都保持清醒，這就是為什麼當其他樹木失去葉子時，他們能夠整年都能保持長青的狀態。

      Humans came after the animals. At first they multiplied rapidly, and the first woman give birth every seven days. Eventually there were so many of them that it seemed they might not all survive, and since then to this day each woman has been able to have just one child each year. Among these early people were a man and a woman name Kanáti and Selu, whose names meant "The Lucky Hunter" and "Corn", respectively. Kanáti would go hunting and invariably return with game, which Selu would prepare by the stream near their home. She also would always return home with baskets of corn, which she would pound to make meal for bread.

      人類在動物之後才出現。起初他們繁衍的非常迅速，第一個女人能每七天生產一次。最後人類變得太多，多到難以全部存活下來，從那時到今天，每個女人每年只能生產一個孩子。在這些早期出現的人之中，有一個名叫加納迪的男人和一個名叫謝露的女人，他們的名字分別代表「幸運的獵人」和「玉米」。加納迪會去打獵並且總能滿載獵物而歸，謝露則會在他們家附近的小溪邊處理這些獵物。她也總能帶著一籃子的玉米回家，這些玉米會被她搗碎用來做成麵包。

      Kanáti and Selu had a little boy, and he would play by the stream. Eventually they realized that he was playing with another little boy who had arisen from the blood of the game washed by the stream. With their son's help they caught the other boy, and eventually he lived with them like he was their own son, although he was called "the Wild Boy".

加納迪和謝露育有一個兒子，他會在溪邊玩耍。他們最後發現他會和另一個小男孩一同玩耍，這個小男孩就是從這條清洗獵物的小溪中，在流進河裡的血液裡誕生的。在兒子的幫助之下，他們抓到了這另一個小男孩，而他最後就和他們住在一起，這個小男孩儘管被稱為「野男孩」，但他就如同他們的兒子一樣。

      Kanáti brought home game whenever he went hunting, and one day the two boys decided to follow him. They followed him into the mountains until he came to a large rock, which he pulled aside to reveal a cave from which a buck emerged. Kanáti shot the buck and, after covering the cave, he headed home. The boys got home before him and didn't reveal what they had learned, but a few days later they returned to the rock. With a struggle they pulled it aside and had great fun watching the deer come out of the cave. They lost track of what they were doing, however, and soon all sorts of game animals - rabbit and turkeys and partridges and buffalo and all - escaped from the cave. Kanáti saw all these animals coming down the mountain and knew what the boys must have done, and he went up the mountain after them. He opened four jars in the cave, and from them came fleas and lice and gnats and bedbugs that attacked the boys. He sent them home, hoping he could find some of the dispersed game for the supper. Thus it is that people must now hunt for game.

      每當加納迪去打獵時，他都會帶著獵物回來，有一天，兩個男孩決定跟隨他。他們跟著他進入山裡，直到他來到一塊巨大的岩石前，他將這塊岩石拉開後，出現了一個洞穴，在那個洞穴裡出現了一隻雄性動物。加納迪對著牠開槍，然後在蓋住洞穴後，他就回家了。男孩們在他之前就回到家，而且沒有透露出他們所看到的事情，但幾天後他們又回到了岩石的所在地。幾番努力之後，他們將石頭推開，開心地看著雄鹿從山洞裡走出來。然而，他們就忘記了自己正在做的事，很快地，各式各樣的獵物，兔子、火雞、鷓鴣和水牛，所有的動物都從洞穴中逃走了。加納迪看到這些動物從山上下來後，他就知道男孩們一定做了什麼，然後他就趕緊上山找他們。他在山洞裡打開了四個罐子，從罐子上跑出了跳蚤、蝨子、飛蟲和臭蟲攻擊男孩們。他把他們送回家後，希望能夠找到一些四散的獵物當晚餐。也是因為這樣，現在的人類就必須去打獵。

      The boys went home, and Selu told them there would be no meat for dinner. However, she went to the storehouse for food, and told the boys to wait while she did so. They followed her instead to the storehouse and watched her go inside. She put down her basket and then rubbed her stomach, and the basket was partly full with corn. Then she rubbed her sides, and it was full to the top with beans. Watching through a crack in the storehouse wall, the boys saw all this. Selu knew that they had seen her, but she went ahead and fixed them a last meal. Then she and Kanáti explained that, because their secrets were revealed, they would die, and with them would end the easy life they had known. However, Selu told them to drag her body seven times around a circle in front of their house, and then to drag her seven times over the soil inside the circle, and if they stayed up all night to watch, in the morning they would have a crop of corn. The boys, however, only cleared a few spots and they only dragged her body over it twice, which is why corn only grows in certain places on the earth. They did sit up all night, though, and in the morning the corn was grown, and still it is grown today, although now it takes half a year.

      男孩們回到家，謝露告訴他們晚餐沒有肉。然而，當她要去倉庫找食物並告訴男孩們在這邊等她的時候，他們卻跟著她去了倉庫，並看著她走進去。她放下籃子，然後在她揉了揉肚子之後，籃子裡就裝了半滿的玉米。然後在她揉了揉肋部之後，豆子就將籃子給裝滿了。男孩們從倉庫牆上的裂縫中看到這一切。謝露知道他們見到她了，但她仍繼續前進並為他們準備了最後一頓飯。然後她和加納迪就解釋說，因為他們的秘密被揭露了，所以他們會死去，並隨著他們的死亡，過去他們所知道的輕鬆生活也將一同逝去。不過，謝露告訴他們將她的身體拖到他們家前面的一個圓圈上繞七圈，然後將她拖過圈內的土壤七次，如果他們能整夜不睡得看著，那麼早上他們會得到一批玉米。然而，這些男孩們只清出了幾個地方，而且他們只將她的身體拖過兩次，這也是為什麼玉米只在地球上的某些地方生長。但他們確實整晚都醒著，所以早上玉米就長出來了，直到今天它仍會長出來，但是現在則需要花上半年的時間。

      In these early days, the plants, the animals, and the people all lived together as friends. As the people multiplied, however, the animals had less room to roam, and they were either slaughtered for food or trampled under the humans' feet. Finally the animals held a council to discuss what to do. The bears experimented with using bows and arrows to fight back, but they concluded that they would have to cut off their claws to use the bows. The deer held a council and decided to send rheumatism to any hunter who killed a deer without asking its pardon for having done so. When a deer is shot by a hunter, the fleet and silent Little Deer, leader of the deer, runs to the blood-stained spot to ask the spirit of the killed deer if the hunter prayed for pardon for his affront. If the answer is no, Little Deer follows the trail of blood and inflicts the hunter with rheumatism so that he is crippled.

     早期的時候，植物、動物和人類都作為朋友一同生活在一起。然而，隨著人類的數量遽增，動物的生存空間就減少了，它們要麼就是被當成食物宰殺，要麼就是被人類給踩死。最後，這些動物召集了一個理事會來討論該如何應對這件事。熊實驗著使用弓箭來反擊，但他們得出的結論是他們必須得切斷他們的爪子才能使用弓箭。鹿召集了一個理事會，並決定將風濕病傳到任何殺死鹿而不要求原諒的獵人身上。當一隻鹿被獵人射殺時，鹿的領導者，迅速而沉默的小鹿，會跑到血跡斑斑的現場詢問被殺的鹿的靈魂，殺他的獵人是否有為他的冒犯祈求赦免。如果答案是否定的，小鹿就會循著血液並讓獵人患上風濕病，這樣一來他就會變成跛腳。

      The fish and reptiles likewise met, and resolved that the people would suffer from dreams in which snakes twined about them. The birds and smaller animals and insects all met too, and talked long into the night about how they had suffered from the humans. Eventually they created all sorts of new diseases to afflict humans, which have since become a scourge to the animals' oppressors.

      魚和爬行動物也開了會，並決定人們將在夢裡遭受蛇的纏繞。鳥類、較小的動物和昆蟲也都開了會，並一直談到深夜，訴說他們是如何受到人類的侵害。最後，他們創造出各式各樣的新疾病來折磨人類，從而成為這些動物壓迫者們的苦難。

      After this the plants met, and they resolved that something must be done to counteract what the animals had done. That is why so many trees and shrubs and herbs, and even the mosses, provide remedies for diseases. It was thus that medicine first came into the world, to counteract the revenge of the animals.

      在這之後，植物開了會，他們決定必須採取一些措施來抵消動物們的所作所為。這就是為什麼這麼多的樹木、灌木和草藥，甚至是苔蘚，都能為疾病提供治療。至此，醫學首次出現在這個世界上，用來抵消動物們的復仇。