Presentism and Eternalism: Two Philosophical Theories About Time (2)[1]

現時論與永恆論：兩種有關時間的哲學理論(二)

Eternalism contrasts to Presentism and is thought of as its opposite. Eternalism is the philosophical theory which says that all points in time are equally real. The past, the present, and the future are all real. In this sense, Socrates and tomorrow’s events exist right now, even if I cannot see them or interact with them. Many philosophers have adopted Eternalism because they argue that Presentism is contradicted by Einstein’s Special and General Theory of Relativity, whereas Eternalism agrees with it. As the philosopher of science, Dean Rickles puts it: “the consensus among philosophers seems to be that special and general relativity are incompatible with presentism.”

Presentism and Eternalism: Two Philosophical Theories About Time[1]

現時論與永恆論：兩種有關時間的哲學理論

Presentism is a theory in philosophy which says that the only events and objects which exist are those that exist in the present. So, only things which exist now, right now, really exist. It is a theory which focuses on the temporal present; that is, things existing in the present moment. It is not a theory concerned with whether things exist somewhere else. So long as that object or event which is spatially distant from us exists in the present moment, then it exists. If we were to make a list of all the things that a Presentist believes exists and does not exist; in the list of things that do exist we would have: the Grand Canyon and the Taj Mahal; whereas in the list of things that do not exist we would have: Socrates and tomorrow’s events.

現時論認為只有存在在現在的人事物才是唯一存在著的。所以，只有存在在現在(此時此刻)的東西才是真實存在的。這個理論的重點是時間上的當下，也就是存在在此刻的東西。這個理論不討論事物是否存在在其他地方。無論空間上與我們距離遙不遙遠，只要那個事或物存在在此刻，那它就存在。如果要把所有現時論者認為存在以及不存在的東西都分別列出來的話，那麼，出現在存在表上的就會有：大峽谷和泰姬瑪哈陵；而出現在不存在表上的則會有：蘇格拉底和明天要做的事。

Signs and Symptoms of Ministroke (TIA) (2)

小中風的徵兆與症狀(二)[1]

What should you do if someone’s having a stroke?

有人中風時該怎麼辦？

Signs and Symptoms of Ministroke (TIA) (1)

小中風的徵兆與症狀(一)[1]

What is a ministroke or TIA?

小中風是什麼？

How Iceland Recreated A Viking-age Religion[1]

再現維京時代宗教的冰島

3 June 2019

2019年6月3日

The Ásatrú faith, one of Iceland’s fastest growing religions, combines Norse mythology with ecological awareness – and it’s open to all.

原文字數:1505

譯文字數:2842

The Prisoners: Are Humans Imprisoned on Planet Earth by Cosmic Forces?[1]

囚徒：人類是否被宇宙力量給囚禁在地球上？

Microbe magic

微生物魔法

Yamamoto may be the only brewer at his company, but he’s not working alone. The way he sees it, his role is to care for the millions of microbes that are hard at work. So twice a day, he clambers into his loft and gingerly walks across the narrow planks to smell the moromi, mix the mash when it’s active and “talk to the bacteria from deep inside my soul”. And according to Yamamoto, the bacteria talks back by bubbling louder. “I think it shows that they’re happy,” he said. “[When] the bacteria is happy and works hard, it creates fantastic soy sauce.”

山本可能是他公司中唯一一位釀造師，但他卻不是一人單槍匹馬。對此，他的看法是，他的職責就是照顧這些數百萬個辛勤的微生物。所以他每天都會兩次爬上閣樓，小心翼翼地踩著狹窄的木板，聞一聞這些諸味的氣息，攪拌這些冒著泡泡的醬油醪，還會「與菌種們進行深度交流。」根據山本的說法，菌種會啵啵作響得更大聲地來回應他。他說：「我想這就表示它們很快樂。而[當]菌種快樂地努力工作時，就會釀造出夢幻般的醬油。」

原文字數:2669

翻譯字數:5055

Is Japan losing its umami?[1]

日本鮮味消亡中？

      This Norse story of the origin of the earth, sky, and humanity is paraphrased from Snorri Sturluson's Edda, as translated by Anthony Faulkes. Sturluson lived in Iceland from 1179 to 1241, and he apparently composed the Edda as a compilation of traditional stories and verse. Many of verses he included appear to date from the times when Norse sagas were conveyed only in spoken form by Viking bards.

    這個北歐故事是一個關於天、地、人起源的故事，它是由Anthony Faulkes在翻譯史洛里·斯圖拉松的冰島史詩《埃達》時改述而來的。從1179年到1241年，斯圖拉松都住在冰島上，顯然，《埃達》是他彙集了傳統故事與詩歌而成的。其中包含的許多詩歌都可以追溯至北歐薩加的時代，當時這些詩歌僅能靠維京吟遊詩人以口頭形式傳唱下來。

Odin and Ymir[1]

奧丁與尤彌爾